哈尔滨地区番茄病毒病的发生与毒源类型鉴定的研究

1981和1982年,在哈尔滨地区11个点,调查不同栽培方式和不同品种番茄病毒病的发生情况和以含抗 TMV 基因的品种为亲本所获杂种一代抗病性的表现,并对病毒病毒源类型进行鉴定。结果指出,感病程度因不同品种而异,同一品种在不同栽培条件下抗病性也不同。强力米寿(具有抗 TMV 的 Tm-1基因)有一定的抗病性,但在某些条件下发病率很高。以矮黄(具有抗 TMV 的 Tm-2nv 基因)和俄亥俄 MR-9(具有抗TMV 的 Tm-2~a 基因)为亲本的 F_1,田间抗病性显著高于对照品种6613。两年来,先后25批采集病毒标样共250个,在无虫网室内经过生物鉴定和物理抗性测定,指出在哈尔滨地区番茄病毒病的主要毒源类型是烟草花叶病毒(TMV)。研究结果指出,用含 Tm-2nv 和 Tm-2~a 抗病基因的番茄品种与经济性状优良的番茄品种杂交获得抗病性高、经济性状优良的杂种一代或育成新的抗病品种,是解决番茄上烟草花叶病毒的有效途径。

STUDIES ON THE OCCURENCE OF TOMATO VIRUS DISEASE AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOTYPES IN HARBIN REGION

A survey was made in Harbin region in 1981 and 1982 to investigate theoccurence of tomato virus disease on different tomato cultivars and the samecultivar cultivated with different cultural practices.Disease resistance in cer-tain hybrids(F_1) obtained by using some varieties provided with TMV-resistantgenes as male or female parents and the pathotypes of the disease were ident-ified in the meantimes.The results indicated that the degree of susceptibility varied with the di-fference in various cultivars and cultural practices.Cultivar QiangLiMiShouprovided with Tin-1 gene appeared fairly resistant,but its infection rate wasrather high in certain cases.The resistance in hybrids(F_1) obtained from usingDwarf Yellow (provided with Tm-2nv gene) or Ohio MR-9 (provided with Tm-2~a gene) as parents was significantly higher than that of the check cultivar6613 in field conditions.250 diseased sample plants from 25 batches were collected in 1981-82.Bio-logical identification and measurements of some physical resistant propertiesof the pathogenic viruses were conducted in insect-free screen house.It wasfound that the dominant pathotype of tomato viruse disease in Harbin regionwas tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).It is suggested that the application of hybrids (F_1) obtained from crossingof tomato cultivars provided with TMV-resistant genes and other superior hor-ticultural characters or varieties developed from those hybrids may be regard-ed as an efficient approach for the resolution of tomato virus disease pro-blems.