我国粮食储备调控体系的现状与完善对策

粮食储备是粮食安全体系的重要组成部分及粮食供求平衡和市场价格平抑的重要手段.本文首先阐述了粮食调控体系建设的必要性,表现在能有效应对不确定性的气候灾害变化所引发的粮食生产遭灾减产、能应对世界粮食价格异动和对我国粮食市场及供求平衡冲击以及调节区域粮食供求平衡、缓解国内粮食供求矛盾.当前,我国虽然建立了相对完备的粮食储备体系及管理制度,储备能力和储备技术水平不断增强,但是我们也应该清楚的看到,粮食储备体系中仍然存在有对储备粮功能认识不足,储备结构、布局不合理,储粮基础设施落后,农户储备条件落后,各储备主体之间的协调不力等问题.接着分析了影响粮食储备的主要相关因素,如粮食产量、粮食消费需求、粮食价格、粮食储备政策制度和粮食进出口贸易及国际粮食形势,最后从粮食储备体系、承储主体、农户储备这几个角度提出了完善粮食储备调控体系的对策建议,以期保证粮食安全稳定.

Status and Strategies of Control System of Grain Reserves in China

Grain reserves are significant part of grain security system and an important way to balance grain supply and demand. At first, this paper describes the need for the control system of grain reserves, and it can effectively deal with uncertainty in climate change-induced disasters, world food prices responding to China's grain market transaction and the balance between supply and demand shocks and adjustment regional food supply and demand balance, easing domestic food supply and demand. Although it has relatively complete grain reserves and control system and improving abilities and technology of grain reserves in China, some issues are still existing, such as unreasonable structure and distribution of grain reserves, infrastructure of grain reserves to be backward, the condition of the peasant household to be bad, difficulty in coordination among different main-reserves. Then this paper analyzes the impact of grain reserves mainly related to factors such as grain production, grain consumption, grain prices, policy of grain reserves and food import and export trade and the international grain situation. Finally, from the grain reserve system, subject of bearing reserves, farmers reserve these facts this paper proposes strategies and suggestions of improving the control system of grain reserves to ensure grain security and stability.