长期定位施肥对不同筋力型小麦品质的影响

为了解长期施肥对小麦品质的作用,在33年长期定位施肥试验的基础上,分析了不同施肥条件下强筋小麦品种徐麦32和弱筋小麦品种宁麦13蛋白及淀粉相关品质特性。结果表明,有机肥、无机肥以及有机肥与品种的互作对小麦大部分蛋白和淀粉特性参数有显著或极显著影响。施肥对徐麦32和宁麦13蛋白质含量、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值及面粉糊化特性参数影响基本一致。单施氮肥处理的蛋白质含量显著高于其他处理,单施有机肥处理显著低于其他处理,其他处理间无显著差异。干、湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值与蛋白质含量呈较明显的正相关。施有机肥处理的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度及峰值时间均显著高于不施有机肥处理,说明有机肥能显著改善小麦面粉的糊化特性;而无论施有机肥与否,施用无机肥不能显著改善面粉糊化特性。综上所述,长期有机、无机肥配合施用有利于弱筋小麦品质的改善,而对强筋小麦品质的改善不利。大田生产中应根据不同专用品种对品质的不同要求施用不同种类的肥料。

Effect of Long term Fertilization on Quality of Wheat Cultivars with Different Gluten Contents

Xumai 32 (with strong gluten) and Ningmai 13(with weak gluten) were used to study the characteristics of wheat protein and starch in the field with 33 years fertilization experiment. The results showed that the interactions between organic fertilizer,inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer with varieties were significant or very significant on the protein and starch characteristic parameters of wheat. The effects on protein content,dry gluten content,wet gluten content,SDS sedimentation value and flour RVA parameters of Xumai 32 and Ningmai 13 were consistent. The specific effects were as follows: The protein content in the N treatment was significantly higher than in other treatments,that in the organic fertilizer (M) treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments,and no significant differences were observed among the rest treatments. The dry and wet gluten content,SDS sedimentation value was significantly and positively correlated with protein content.For the starch pasting properties,the peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity and peak time of all organic fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of the inorganic fertilizer treatment,but there was no significant difference for other indicators.Thus,organic fertilizer could significantly improve the flour pasting properties of tested materials. The flour RVA characteristics did not change significantly in the treatments by supplying N,P,K fertilizers,or their combination,either with organic fertilizer or not. In summary,the long term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers used in conjunction would be beneficial to improve the quality of wheat with weak gluten,but not beneficial for wheat with strong gluten. Different fertilizers should be used according to the quality requirements for special varieties in production.