不同产地的紫苏籽油活性成分检测与主成分分析

为评价油品质与营养功能，有效开发不同产地的紫苏籽油，收集19个产地的紫苏籽，分析了油的理化性质，脂肪酸、维生素E、植物甾醇等活性成分的组成及含量。结果发现：紫苏籽油主要含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸五种脂肪酸，亚麻酸含量58.8%～70.9%，不饱和脂肪酸含量91.1%～93.8%；紫苏籽油含有△-5燕麦甾醇、菜籽甾醇、β-谷甾醇及环阿廷醇，总甾醇含量67.0mg/100g～94.4mg/100g；紫苏籽油含有α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚，γ-生育酚占总生育酚含量95%左右，总的生育酚含量为63.4mg/100g～99.4mg/100g。通过主成分分析及主成分中各性状载荷分析发现，α-亚麻酸、γ-生育酚、菜籽甾醇是紫苏籽油的特征活性成分，对不同产地的紫苏籽油差异影响较大。对紫苏籽油的12个脂溶性活性成分进行分层聚类热图分析，可将19个产地的紫苏籽油分成6大类。 

Active compound and principal component analysis of perilla seed oils from different production areas #br#

To evaluate perilla seeds oil and its nutrtion for exploring the products from different regions in China, physieochemieal of perilla oils from 19 regions were tested on fatty acid compositions, tocopherols, phytosterols, etc. Results showed that fatty acid in perilla oils included palmitic acid，stearic acid，oleic acid，linoleic acid，linolenic acid as the main constituent. Their linolenic acid content ranged from 58.8% to 70.9% and unsaturated fatty acid content varied between 91.1% and 93.8%; phytosterol compositions of perilla seed oils mainly consisted of Δ-5avenasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol and 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol with the total phytosterols content in the range of 67.0 to 94.4 mg/100g. α-, β-, γ-tocopherol were found in the oils with γ-tocopherol accounting for about 95% of total tocopherol from 63.4 to 99.4 mg/100g. Three main components in perilla seed oils could be extracted through principal component analysis. α-linolenic acid, γ-tocopherol, rapeseed sterol as the characteristic active ingredients in perilla oils had greater influence on the difference among oils from different origins. By clustering analysis based on various nutrients, the 19 origins of perilla oils were divided into 6 types. Key words: perilla seed oil; α-linolenic acid; phytosterol; tocopherols; principal component analysis