能量高效的农田无线传感器网络拓扑关联路由算法

针对农田无线传感器网络节点分布不均、能量约束严格等特点,提出了一种能量高效的簇头选择方法TBCS-EA,在以剩余能量进行簇头选择的基础上根据节点拓扑位置、拓扑密度等进行加权,使距离sink较近的节点与密集区节点大概率成为簇头,提高成簇能量使用效率。针对现有成簇算法频繁进行簇头选举,算法开销大等问题,提出了一种能量逼近式簇头轮换机制,节点连续担任簇头并以某一目标进行能量逼近,在达到逼近目标后进行根据簇内信息指定新簇头,减少簇头选择的次数与协议开销。仿真与实验结果表明,TBCS-EA算法的网络生命周期约为LEACH的2.2倍,CHCS的1.5倍,从节点能量曲线看能耗均衡效果与CHCS相当,明显优于LEACH。结果显示TBCS-EA综合性能较之于现有算法有明显提升。

Topology Based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm in Farmland Wireless Sensor Network

Aiming at the problems in farmland wireless sensor networks such as uneven nodes distribution, strict energy constraint, etc., a topology based routing algorithm TBCS-EA was proposed. Cluster heads were selected by considering the residual node energy and the node topology parameters, such as node position and density. This strategy made the nodes in an intensive area or close to the sink has a higher possibility to become a cluster-head, which could improve the network power efficiency. Existing clustering algorithms elect cluster head frequently, which will bring extra power consumption. An energy approximation scheme was also included in the algorithm. A node kept as cluster head until its residual energy reached the energy approximation target, then another node was selected as the new cluster head by using the topology based scheme. By doing this, the protocol cost could be significantly reduced. The simulation and experiment results showed that the network life span of TBCS-EA was more than 2200 rounds, which was about 1.5 times of CHCS and 2.2 times of LEACH. According to the node energy curve, the node energy balance of TBCS-EA was much better than that of LEACH, and it was almost like CHCS. The overall performance of TBCS-EA was better than that of the existing methods of LEACH and CHCS.