渭北黄土高原果园生草地旱季土壤水分特征研究

在黄土高原渭北苹果园，分析多年生鸡脚草（Dactylis glomerata L.）、百脉根（Lotus corniculatu L.）、小冠花（Coronilla varia L.）三种牧草对0—200 cm土层含水量的影响。结果表明:冬春季节草地表现出明显的保墒性，而进入春季以后，随着牧草的萌发又表现出强烈的耗水性，4月10日—5月31日鸡脚草、百脉根、小冠花地块土壤总耗水量分别为99.57，104.81，82.13 mm，远高于行间裸地同期在该土层的耗水量（24.19 mm），三种牧草的耗水能力大小依次为:百脉根 > 鸡脚草 > 小冠花。生草地块土壤稳定层对活跃层水分补偿作用明显，活跃层贮水量每减少1 mm，鸡脚草、百脉根、小冠花的相对稳定层贮水量分别减少0.60，0.60，0.73 mm。

Soil Moisture Characteristics of Different Herbages on Soil Water in Apple Orchard in the Area of Weibei Plateau in Dry Season

The effects of three kinds of perennial herbage (Dactylis glomerata L., Lotus corniculatu L., Coronilla varia L.) on soil moisture (0—200 cm) in the apple orchards of Weibei Plateau were analyzed. Results showed that sod culture improved the water-retention capacity in the period from winter to early spring, but consumed more water in late spring and early summer because of the herbage’s germination. The water consumptions of Dactylis glomerata L., Lotus corniculatu L., and Coronilla varia L. from April 10 to May 31 were 99.57, 104.81, 82.13 mm, respectively, which were much higher than the bare land consumption (24.19 mm). The soil water consumption ability order was as Lotus corniculatu L.>Dactylis glomerata L.>Coronilla varia L. The water compensation effect from stable layer to active layer was obvious. When the water in active layer decreased 1 mm, the water storage in the stable layer decreased by 0.60 mm, 0.60 mm and 0.73 mm for Dactylis glomerata L., Lotus corniculatu L., and Coronilla varia L., respectively.