不同成熟度烤烟质体色素的降解转化差异及其与品质的关系

为探明烤烟质体色素降解转化与品质特征形成的关系,开展了不同成熟度烤烟田间质体色素降解转化率的变化以及调制过程降解比例差异的研究.结果表明,烤烟成熟过程中中部和上部烟叶质体色素的降解比率整体呈“V”字型变化,成熟前、后期降解率较高,中期较低,不同部位的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素降解率变化趋势略有不同.各成熟度处理烤烟在调制过程中色素的降解比例不尽相同,叶绿素降解了成熟时期鲜烟叶含量的99%,类胡萝卜素降解比例在53%~73%.上部烟叶推迟采收能明显促进更多比例的类胡萝卜素在田间的降解转化,中部接近工艺成熟和上部接近过熟处理烤后烟叶的综合品质较好,其类胡萝卜素降解转化比例分别为64%和68%,处于各成熟度处理中等偏上位置.

The Degradation Difference of Plastid Pigment of Different Harvest Maturity and Its Relationship with Tobacco Quality

In order to explore the relationship between the tobacco quality and degradation of plastid pigment, we investigated the change of degradation ratio of plastid pigment during maturing in the field and the difference of degradation proportion during flue-curing of different harvest maturity by field experiment, meanwhile the appearance quality and smoking quality of flue-cured leaves were evaluated by panel of experts to explore the relationship between tobacco quality and degradation of plastid pigment. The results were showed as follows: The degradation ratio of plastid pigment during maturing grossly showed a changing trend as letter “V” in middle and upper position, which means that the degradation ratio in prophase and anaphase of maturing was relatively high, while the metaphase was relatively low. The changing trend of degradation ratio of chlorophyll and carotenoid in different position was slightly different. The degradation proportion of plastid pigment of different harvest maturity during flue-curing was obviously different, 99% of cholorophyll and 53%-73% of carotenoid was degraded during flue-curing. Suspending harvest of upper leaves could obviously enhance the degradation ratio in the field. The quality of flue-cured leaves of treatment C3 (close to technical maturity) of middle leaves and B4 (close to over maturity) of upper leaves was preferably than other treatment, whose degradation proportion of carotenoid during flue-curing was 64% and 68% respectively, which was at the mid to upper level of all processing.