中国特有小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦和密穗小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基多态性比较分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）方法对中国特有小麦（新疆稻麦、西藏半野生小麦和云南铁壳麦）高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了研究，并综合前人的研究结果，比较分析了中国特有小麦、斯卑尔脱小麦和密穗小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基的多态性，结果显示，斯卑尔脱小麦在高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成上具有明显特点，在Glu-A1位点上以1亚基为优势亚基，在Glu-B1位点上以13+16亚基居多，而这两种亚基在其他六倍体小麦中出现的频率相对较低。新疆稻麦在Glu-1D位点上具有特殊的HMW-GS类型。结合核基因组和叶绿体基因组的研究结果对中国特有小麦的起源演化进行了探讨。

Polymorphism Analysis of HMW-GS in Chinese Endemic Wheat Landraces, Spelt and Club Wheat

High molecular wight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) are important element of wheat storage proteins,they play a key role in determining bread making quality.Also they can be used to study the origin,evolution and genetic differentiation of hexaploid wheat.In this study,we explored the composition of HMW-GS of three Chinese endemic wheat landraces(T.petropavlavskyi,T.tibetanum,and T.yunnanense).Combining the result with some previous research,we analysed the polymorphism of HMW-GS in these three landraces(common wheat,spelt wheat,and club wheat). It was found that the composition of HMW-GS in spelt has its unique character: (1) the subunit 1 on Glu-A1 is predominant in spelt;(2) subunits 13 16 on Glu-B1 is predominant in spelt but unfrequent in other hexaploid wheat.Some special types of HMW-GS were found in the accessions of T.petropavlavskyi,which were rarely found or never be reported in other hexaploid wheat(including Aegilops tauschii).It is concluded that the common wheat is the possible provider of the cytoplasm of T.petropavlavskyi and the origin of the nucleolus genome of T.petropavlavskyi is very complicated,and maybe from Polish wheat,common wheat,and Aegilops tauschii originated in Xinjiang province,and its evolution routine needs to be more closely studied in the future.