国际水稻研究所新株型水稻的研究背景和现状

为了突破现有水稻品种的产量水平 ,国际水稻研究所从 1 990年开始利用热带粳稻 (爪哇稻 )资源育成了一种被称为新株型 (NPT)的水稻。该水稻具有穗大、无效分蘖少、茎秆粗、叶片挺直等特点 ,预期在热带地区的产量潜力为 1 2～ 1 5t/hm2 。在大田试验中发现 ,部分新株型水稻表现出了较高的产量潜力 ,同时也存在生物产量低、结实率低、抗病虫能力差等问题。综述了新株型的育种背景、在大田试验中的表现及其改良途径。

Background and Current Status of Research on New Plant Type Rice

In order to break the yield ceiling of current rice varieties, IRRI scientists have bred out a new type of rice called New Plant Type (NPT) since 1990 by exploring the germplasm of tropical japonica (javanica) rice. NPT is characterized by large panicles, less unproductive tillers, sturdy stems, and erect leaves, and expected to possess a yield potential of 12～15 t/hm\+2 when planted in the tropics. In field experiments, some NPT lines exhibited a higher yield potential, which appeared to be limited by insufficient biomass production, poor grain filling, and weak resistance to pests and diseases. The breeding background, field performance, and improvement of NPT are reviewed in this paper.