白孔雀微卫星DNA遗传多样性分析及其分类地位的探讨

利用14对蓝孔雀和绿孔雀的微卫星标记对白孔雀基因组DNA进行扩增，发现都能扩增出特异性条带，每对引物扩增的平均等位基因数为1.71，有7对引物具有较丰富的多态性，其中MCW0080和MCW0098最为理想。白孔雀与蓝孔雀和绿孔雀群体的遗传多样性分析结果表明，白孔雀、绿孔雀和蓝孔雀3个群体的杂合度和遗传多样性水平都很低，期望杂合度分别为0.2579、0.2482和0.2744，群体间的遗传分化系数为9.7%，群体间分化极显著(P<0.001)，白孔雀与蓝孔雀的亲缘关系最近， Reynolds'遗传距离和基因流分别为0.0295和8.6112。本试验结果支持白孔雀不能成为蓝孔雀的一个亚种而只是一个品系的观点。

The Genetic Diversity of Microsatellite DNA and Study of Taxonomic Status for White Peafowl

The applicability of 14 pairs microsatellite primers of blue peafowl and green peafowl to white peafowl population was analyzed in the present paper, and the results showed all 14 pairs of microsatellite primers could produce specific allele patterns. A mean of 1.71 alleles was found for each locus. Seven pairs were highly polymorphic, MCW0080 and MCW0098 were ideal markers for peafowl. Genetic diversity analysis of three peafowl populations demonstrated that the heterozygosity and the genetic diversity of these peafowl populations were very low, the expected heterozygosity of white peafowls, green peafowl and blue peafowl population were 0.2579, 0.2482 and 0.2744, respectively. Genetic differentiation index (FST) of these populations was 9.7% and there was significant genetic differentiation among three populations(P<0.001). The result showed that white peafowl has a closer relationship with blue peafowl than with green peafowl, Reynolds' genetic distance and gene flow between the two populations were 0.0295 and 8.6112, respectively. The results of this study support that white peafowl is not subspecies but a line belonging to blue peafowl.