燕山丘陵区锌肥不同施用方式对春玉米穗部性状及产量的影响

通过两年田间试验,以京单128玉米品种为材料,通过3种锌肥施用方式[底施锌肥(DS)、冲施锌肥(CS)、喷施锌肥(PS)]研究了不同锌肥施用方式对燕山丘陵区春玉米穗部性状、产量及籽粒含锌量的影响。试验结果表明,增施锌肥能够显著提高春玉米产量,不同锌肥施用方式增产效果表现为PSCSDSCK,平均增产率分别为15.2%、12.0%和5.4%。增施锌肥后穗长、穗粗、行粒数、百粒重呈增加趋势,禿尖长呈明显降低趋势,其中禿尖长和行粒数变异明显,变异系数分别为55.2%和6.8%,说明增施锌肥主要是通过降低果穗禿尖、增加行粒数来增加穗粒数,从而增加产量。同时增施锌肥能够显著增加玉米籽粒锌含量,施用效果也表现为PSCSDSCK,平均增幅分别为50.4%、36.9%和30.8%。由此认为,在典型缺锌地区的燕山丘陵区种植玉米时增施锌肥是增加玉米产量,改善产品品质的重要途径,在施用方式上以喷施最佳,冲施次之。

Effect of different application methods of zinc fertilizer on ear characters and yield of spring maize in hilly region of Yanshan

A two years field experiment was conducted with Jingdan 128 maize varieties as materials on spring maize in hilly areas of Yanshan to study the effects of three application methods of zinc fertilizer(DS:basal application,CS:flushing application,PS:spraying application)on panicle traits,grain yield and Zn content.The results showed that the yield of spring maize increased significantly by applying zinc fertilizer,and the effect of different application methods of Zn fertilizer application on yield was PS>CS>DS>CK,the average yield was increased by 15.2%,12% and 5.4%,respectively.With application of zinc fertilizer,the ear length,ear diameter,grain number and 100 grain weight increased,bald tip length decreased obviously,and the coefficient variation of the bald tip length and grain number was 55.2% and 6.8%,respectively,indicating that zinc fertilizer increased the yield mainly by increasing grain number per ear.While zinc fertilizer application significantly increased the zinc content of maize grain,the effect also showed as PS>CS>DS>CK,which averagely increased by 50.4%,36.9% and 30.8%,respectively.It can be concluded that the application of zinc fertilizer is an important way to increase the yield and quality of maize in the study area,and the best application way is spraying,and flushing is the next.