Esca in young and mature vineyards,and molecular diagnosis of the associated fungi |
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Authors: | G Romanazzi S Murolo L Pizzichini S Nardi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Environmental and Crop Science, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;(2) Servizio Fitosanitario – ASSAM, Regione Marche, Via Alpi, 21, 60131 Ancona, Italy |
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Abstract: | Esca is one of the most important grapevine trunk diseases, and it can induce severe decline. In the past, the disease occurred
mostly on mature vines, but today it is also present in young vineyards. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence
of esca in young (< 7 years old) and mature (> 11 years old) vineyards on cvs Montepulciano, Sangiovese, Verdicchio and Passerina
located in the main viticultural areas of the Marche Region, central-eastern Italy. The average incidence of diseased plants
was higher in mature (32.6%) than young (5.2%) vineyards, and Verdicchio and Passerina appeared to be the most sensitive among
the cultivars considered, followed by Sangiovese and Montepulciano. The analysis of the spatial spread of esca carried out
in two mature vineyards on cv. Verdicchio and a young vineyard on cv. Sangiovese showed a fluctuation in the numbers of infected
plants over the three years of observation. The fungi associated with symptomatic plants were detected by classical and molecular
tools. Isolation on agar media yielded colonies of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), Botryosphaeria spp. (Bot), Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fomed) and, sporadically, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (Pal). In samples from young plants, Bot and Pch were recurrent, while Pch and Fomed were found in mature vines and old rootstocks. Molecular detection with specific primer pairs for Pch, Pal, Fomed, and B. dothidea confirmed the data obtained using classical tools, and in some cases it was more sensitive. This study thus provides a further
contribution to the association between causal agents and esca symptoms, and it confirms the importance of molecular tools
for a sensitive detection of associated pathogens, which can also be present in propagative materials. |
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