Comparison of composites made from fungal defibrated hemp with composites of traditional hemp yarn |
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| Institution: | 1. Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;2. Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;3. Biosystems Department, Risø National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;4. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, WURC, P.O. Box 7008, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Department of Forest Products/Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vallvägen 9D, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Section of Composites and Materials Mechanics, Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;1. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;2. School of Forestry, Wood Materials Science, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland;1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;2. INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy;3. Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy, University of Pisa, Italy;1. National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada;2. Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada;3. National Research Council Canada, 75 de Mortagne, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada;4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;5. FQRNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;1. Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Drinska 16a, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;2. Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Car Hadrijan Street 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;3. Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;1. Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre Composite (CEEFC), Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region |
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| Abstract: | Aligned epoxy-matrix composites were made from hemp fibres defibrated with the fungi Phlebia radiata Cel 26 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora previously used for biopulping of wood. The fibres produced by cultivation of P. radiata Cel 26 were more cellulose rich (78%, w/w) than water-retted hemp due to more degradation of pectin and lignin. The defibrated hemp fibres had higher fibre stiffness (88–94 GPa) than the hemp yarn (60 GPa), which the fibre twisting in hemp yarn might explain. Even though mild processing was applied, the obtained fibre strength (643 MPa) was similar to the strength of traditionally produced hemp yarn (677 MPa). The fibre strength and stiffness properties are derived from composite data using the rule of mixtures model. The fibre tensile strength increased linearly with cellulose content to 850 MPa for pure cellulose. The fibre stiffness increased also versus the cellulose content and cellulose crystallinity and reached a value of 125 GPa for pure crystalline cellulose. |
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