福建紫金山金铜矿废弃地不同植被恢复阶段土壤质量比较

为了了解植物治理措施对金铜矿集区废弃地土壤理化性质的影响规律，采用空间代替时间的方法，研究了福建紫金山金铜矿废弃地不同植被恢复阶段土壤含水率、团聚体组成、养分含量、重金属污染及水土流失等土壤质量指标变化规律。结果表明，随恢复时间的增加，土壤含水率第1年降低，随后逐渐增大，第5年接近对照；土壤水稳性团聚体组成除0.25~0.5 mm外，其他粒径均表现为先增大后减小，然后又增大的变化规律，恢复5年后，各粒径均与对照无显著差异；全N、水解N、全K及有机质含量均逐渐增加，全P和速效P先增大后减小，其中全N、水解N、全K及有机质均达到土壤养分临界值，但恢复5年后各养分指标均小于对照；土壤重金属含量表现为“增大-减小-增大”的变化规律，恢复5年后Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni全量分别是对照的2.7、5.6、1.2、1.2倍；土壤侵蚀量逐渐减小，恢复5年后与对照无显著差异。研究结果说明，“马尾松(Pinus massoniana)+本地河滩草”的植被配置模式可以较快地恢复矿山废弃地土壤质量。

Comparison of Soil Quality at Different Revegetation Stages of Mining Wasteland at Zijinshan Gold-copper Mine Fujian Province

The research aim was to understand the influence of revegetation of mining wasteland at gold-copper mine on soil physical and chemical properties,soil moisture content,aggregate structure,nutrient,heavy metal content and soil erosion were measured at 4 different revegetation stages of mining wasteland by the vegetation governance mode of Pinus massoniana ＋ Lespedeza bicolor ＋ Vetiveria zizanioides ＋ local beach turf at Zijinshan gold-copper mine in Fujian Province,by using the method of substituting spatial difference for time change.The results showed that soil moisture content reduced in the first year of revegetation,then increased gradually with time,being close to the control after 5 years.The soil total N,available-N,total K and organic matter content were increased gradually with time and exceeded the soil nutrient critical value,but they were less than the control after 5 years.Soil total and available-P initially increased and then decreased with recovery time.After initially increasing and then decreasing,the water stability of soil aggregates increased,apart from particles with diameter 0.25-0.5 mm and there was no significant difference to the control after 5 years.The soil heavy metal content showed a similar pattern over time and the total content of Zn,Cu,Cd and Ni were 2.7,5.6,1.2 and 1.2 times respectively,that of control after 5 years.Soil total Cu,Pb,Zn,Mn,Cr and Ni content did not exceed the China National Soil Environment Quality Standard（level Ⅲ） after 5 years,apart from Cd.Soil erosion decreased gradually with increased recovery time,and there was no significant difference to the control after 5 years.The results indicated that Pinus massoniana ＋ Lespedeza bicolor＋Vetiveria zizanioides＋local beach turf was better allocation mode to the soil quality restoration of the wasteland at Zijinshan gold-copper mine.