杏黄兜兰居群表型多样性分析

调查了云南地区3个野生杏黄兜兰（Paphiopedilum armeniacum）居群，进行叶片和花器官等19个性状的表型多样性分析，采用巢式方差、变异系数、主成分分析等方法，讨论杏黄兜兰居群间和居群内的表型多样性。结果显示：杏黄兜兰在居群内和居群间均存在丰富的表型性状变异，居群间有花瓣长、子房长等13个性状表现极显著或显著差异，居群内有植株冠幅、合萼片宽等10个性状差异极显著或显著；杏黄兜兰平均表型分化系数为53.02%，处于中等水平，居群间的表型分化略大于居群内的表型分化；19个表型性状变异系数平均值的变化范围为9.68% ~ 26.36%，3个居群表型性状变异系数平均值分别为13.27%、15.85%和14.96%，变异系数在居群间差异不显著，在表型性状间差异极显著；主成分分析表明，对植株表型差异贡献率最大的是株高和花茎高；Pearson相关分析表明，杏黄兜兰花被片相关性状之间呈显著或极显著正相关，株高和花茎高与植株的其他性状均显著正相关，尤其与指示花器官大小的性状极显著正相关。

Phenotypic Diversity of Paphiopedilum armeniacum Populations

Three populations of Paphiopedilum armeniacum in Yunnan region were surveyed based on 19 phenotypic traits including floral organs，leaves and so on. It was aimed at analyzing the phenotypic diversity among and within populations by some statistical analysis methods. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in phenotypic traits among and within populations. The mean of phenotypic differentiation coefficient（V_ST）was 53.02%，which meant that differentiation among populations was a bit larger than that within populations. The range of average variation coefficients（CV）about 19 phenotypic traits was 9.68%–26.36%. The average variation coefficients of three populations were 13.27%，15.85% and 14.96%，respectively. Therefore，the variation coefficients varied dramatically among phenotypic traits. Principal component analysis indicated that traits related to plant height，plant height and scape height，contributed to differences of plants mainly. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were highly significant differences between tepals. Plant height and scape height were highly related to other traits，especially traits which were on behalf of the size of flower organs.