优良野生牧草─—缘毛雀麦种质资源的开发应用研究

缘毛雀麦（ＢｒｏｍｕｓｃｉｌｉａｔｕｓＬ．）为禾本科雀麦属多年生草本植物，具短根茎，是易结成草皮的根茎─—疏丛型禾草，产于宝格达山及大兴安岭山地。在我国东北、俄罗斯、蒙古和美国西北部山地也有分布，本野生种采自宝格达山，于１９８８年开始在呼和浩特地区栽培驯化。在驯化过程中，初步测试了它的生物学特性、经济性状和部分生理生化指标，并确定了其染色体数目２ｎ＝５６。在结实期的于草平均产量为９９７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２；粗蛋白质含量１０％，粗脂肪３％，粗纤维３３％，无氮浸出物３９％，灰分８％。粗蛋白质等养分含量、再生速度和叶量均高于无芒雀麦现行栽培品种。现已筛选出草丛类型各异，生育期不同，籽实保持力较强，可以放牧、刈草或兼用等具有广泛用途的几个生物学类群。

A Study on the Fringed Bromegrass Germplasm Exploitation and Application

Fringed bromegrass(Bromus cilatus L.)is a sod-forming perennial bunchgrass with short rhi-zomes,which originated Baog-Da Mountain and Great Xing-An Mountain. It also distributed inNortheastern China,Russia,Mongolian Republic and northwestern mountain areas of the U.S.A. This wild species was introduced from Baog-Da Mountain in 1988 and was grown in Huhhot.Following the intreduction into field , we tested its biological characteristics,economic characters andsome physiological-biochemical indexes. Its chromosome number is 2n=56.At seed setting stage,its contents of crude protein, fat ,ash,crude cellulose,and nitrogen-free extract were 1 0%,3%,8%,33%,and 39%,respotively.Its forage yield(hay)was 9975 kg/ha. Its forage quality,regrowth rateand number of vegetative shoots are much greater than the existing cultivar of smooth bromegrass. Asaresult of selection work and studies carried out in the past 3 years,several distinct ecotypes of fringedbromegrass were recognized , which include grazing,haymaking,and daul-purpose types.We believethat fringed brome will provide a most widespread utility of forage resource.