防治木材变色的植物精油优选

为了开发木材变色防治用的天然环保产品,选用19种植物精油,依据精油的挥发速率及其对培养基中变色菌的抑菌效力,筛选综合性能较优的精油产品。结果表明,植物精油的挥发速率为7.9~550.8g·m^-2·h^-1,迷迭香和丝柏精油挥发较快,而雪松、肉桂和安息香精油挥发较慢。随着植物精油的体积分数由0.01%提高至0.05%,其对可可球二孢和串珠镰刀菌的平均抑菌效力分别由19%和21%增加至50%和59%,抑菌性能明显增强。以抑菌效力为变量的聚类分析表明,肉桂、丁香花、柠檬草和百里香4种植物精油对两种变色菌表现出较优的抑菌特性,其在体积分数0.05%条件下的抑菌效力达到100%。综合考虑抑菌效力和作用持久性,肉桂、丁香花和柠檬草精油是防治可可球二孢和串珠镰刀菌的较优品种。

Selection of plant essential oils for the prevention of wood stain

To develop natural environmental products for the prevention of wood stain,plant essential oils with better antifungal performance were selected from 19 commercial products basing on volatilization rate and antifungal efficacy in the medium.The results showed that the volatilization rate of plant essential oils was 7.9-550.8 g·^m-2·h^-1.The essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis and Cupressus sempervirens volatilized faster than others,while the essential oils of Cedrus deodara,Cinnamomum cassia and Styrax tonkinensis volatilized slower than others.As the volume fraction of the plant essential oils increased from 0.01%to 0.05%,the average antifungal efficacy against Botryodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium moniliforme increased from 19%and 21%to 50%and 59%,respectively,indicating an obvious improvement of antifungal performance of the essential oils.The cluster analysis using the antifungal efficacy as variable showed that the four plant essential oils of Cinnamomum cassia,Syzygium aromaticum,Cymbopogon citratus and Thymus mongolicus,which had an antifungal efficacy of 100%at the volume fraction of 0.05%,showed superior antifungal properties against the two fungis.Taking into account of antifungal efficacy and persistence,plant essential oils of Cinnamomum cassia,Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus are superior products for the prevention of Botryodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium moniliforme.