长白山区沟谷湿地乌拉苔草沼泽土壤环境效应

采用现场采样及室内培养分析的方法研究了长白山区沟谷乌拉苔草沼泽湿地土壤的环境效应。结果表明,土壤表层微生物量最高,随着土壤剖面的加深而逐渐减少;长白山区沟谷乌拉苔草沼泽湿地土壤比三江平原乌拉苔草沼泽湿地土壤有机质分解、土壤腐殖质合成及土壤养分的转化能力强。土壤磷酸酶在春季对金属元素影响较大,在夏季对非金属元素影响较大;在乌拉苔草衰老过程中土壤脲酶主要影响土壤氮素和钙离子;乌拉苔草的地上部分枯萎之后主要影响土壤重金属元素。乌拉苔草湿地还具有防止土壤侵蚀的作用。

Soil Environmental Effects of Carex. Meyeriana Mire in the Changbai Mountain Valley

A wetland in Changbai Mountain valleys was selected to research its ecological and environmental effects through determining soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity and content of some soil elements. The microbial biomass of topsoil in Changbai Mountain valley was highest and decreased with soil depth, and in each soil layer was more than that in Sanjiang Plain. The capacity of soil organic matter decomposition, soil humus formation and nutrient transformation was stronger in Changbai Mountain valley than that in Sanjiang Plain. The activity and dynamics of soil enzyme resulted in obvious effects on the mire ecosystem of Carex. Meyeriana. Soil phosphatase influenced tantalum contents in the spring, but non-tantalum contents in autumn. Soil urease mainly influenced nitrogen and calcium cation during the senescence of Carex. meyeriana, and influenced heavy metal contents after the plant withering. The relation between soil enzyme activity and tantalum contents varied with season, and this needed to be studied further. Carex. meyeriana wetlands could reduce the runoff and prevent soil erosion because of its luxuriant vegetation, interlaced root and grass mound with deeper environment.