灌排方案对避雨番茄需水特性与产量的影响

为了实现南方地区番茄节水、优质、高效生产,在避雨栽培条件下,研究了不同灌排方式对番茄需水特性与产量的影响.研究结果表明:各亏缺灌溉处理土壤含水率随时间总体呈下降趋势,暗管埋深08 m的处理较埋深06 m处理,土壤含水量下降更快但不明显.番茄不同生育阶段的蒸发蒸腾量差别较大,表现为始花坐果期>果实成熟与采收期>苗期.随着番茄的生长,其日蒸发蒸腾量大体呈逐渐上升的趋势.在不同灌排模式和避雨措施条件下,苗期的日蒸发蒸腾量变化范围为107～271 mm／d,始花坐果期日蒸发蒸腾量变化范围为160～309 mm／d,果实成熟与采收期日蒸发蒸腾量变化范围为178～335 mm／d.在相同的排水措施,不同灌溉条件下,番茄果实产量随着灌水量的减少而减少,水分利用率和灌溉水利用率却随着灌水量的减少而增大.研究可为南方避雨栽培下番茄灌排方式的选择及其节水、优质、高产提供参考.

Influence of irrigation and drainage mode on water requirement content and fruit yield of tomato cultivated in rain-shelter

 In order to realize water saving, good quality and high yield of tomato in Southern China, the influence of irrigation and drainage mode on water demand and fruit yield under rain shelter condition was studied. The results showed that the soil moisture reduces steadily with time in various deficit irrigations, and it drops off more quickly when the underground pipes are in the depth of 0.8 m than that when the pipes in the depth of 0.6 m; however, the moisture curves against time don't show a significant difference in those cases. The evapotranspiration of tomato was quite different at three growth stages of tomato, namely, it declines in the following subsequence of the growth stage, blossoming and fruit setting, fruit maturing and harvest, seedling; moreover, the daily evapotranspiration usually shows a rising trend with growth of tomato. The ranges of daily evapotranspiration for tomato are 1.07-2.71 mm/d in seeding stage, 1.60-3.09 mm/d in blossoming and fruit setting period, and 1.78-3.35 mm/d in fruit maturing and harvest period for the different irrigation and drainage modes and under the rain shelter cultivation condition. The tomato fruit yield is reduced, but the water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency are increased with decreasing irrigation amount in the same drainage depth of underground pipes. These outcomes can provide a reference for selection of irrigation and drainage mode to realize water saving, good quality and high yield of tomato under the rain shelter cultivation condition in Southern China.