套袋对苹果果皮特征的影响

以10年生寒富苹果为试材,进行了不同的套袋(反光膜袋、双层纸袋、塑膜袋)处理,以不套袋果为对照,研究了不同微域环境下寒富苹果果皮的外观特征和解剖结构的特点。结果表明,套反光膜袋能明显提高果实的光洁度,改善果实的着色,果点不明显;套双层纸袋的次之;套塑膜袋和不套袋果实光洁度差,着色过浓,果点多且大,果面粗糙,不利于生产优质果;套不同类型的果袋,果皮解剖结构差异明显,套反光膜袋,角质层变薄,角质层光滑均匀度好,个别处有“V”型凹陷,表皮细胞变大,形状近圆形;套双层纸袋和塑膜袋,角质层均变厚,有较深的“V”型凹陷,表皮细胞形状不规则;不套袋果,角质层较均匀光滑,表皮细胞狭长且小。另外,套袋后,果实的表皮细胞变大且细胞壁变厚,改变了表皮细胞的排列方式,减少了表皮细胞层数,降低了机械组织的厚度及层数。

Effects of bagging on the characteristics of apple pericarp

Experiment was conducted with the fruit bagged with different kinds of bags, including reflecting film bag, double-layer paper bag and plastic bag and non-bagged as control, which were collected from 10-year-old trees of Hanfu cultivar. The fruit external appearances and anatomical structures of apple pericarp under different microenvironments were studied. Results indicated that the lubricity of fruit skin and coloring index were significantly increased by bagging with reflecting film bag; the coloring index was improved, and no visible fruit dots were viewed. The double-layer-paper bag also had some good effectiveness, but the plastic bag made the lubricity of fruit skin and coloring index bad; the coloring index was over-heavy and more fruit dots and rough appearance were noticed, and no help for producing high quality fruit. The significant differences of anatomical structure of the fruit bagged with different kinds of bag were also noticed. The cuticles of the fruit bagged with reflecting film bag were thinner and the degree of lubricity and symmetry were good; there were few V-type concaves on the skin and the epidermal cells were bigger and near round in shape. The fruit cuticles of the fruit bagged with double-layer-paper bag and plastic film bag were thicker, deeper with irregular fruit shape; while the cuticles of non-bagged fruit (the control) were lubricous and symmetrical, epidermal cells longer and smaller. Besides, the epidermal cells of the bagged fruit were bigger and the cell wall was thicker, the way of arrangement changed, the number of layers decreased, the mechanical tissue thickness and the number of layers decreased.