华阳河湖群地区湖滨带生态农业模式设计研究

湖滨带是水陆交错带的一部分,近年来人类不合理的利用使湖泊湿地功能下降,生态资源严重不足。生态农业模式能建立多层次、循环、健康的农业生态系统,促进资源节约、生态修复,是湖滨带生态恢复与保护的途径。安徽省华阳河湖群地区属长江中下游水陆生态交错带,资源丰富但生态环境较脆弱,建立以保护生态为重点的生态农业模式对该区域生态系统健康意义重大。本文在对生态农业模式设计的理论、原则、方法研究的基础上,以安徽省华阳河湖群地区作为研究区,针对城郊经济区、湖滨湿地区、农产品主产区、棉花生产区、葡萄生产基地、农户庭院不同的农业生产条件和对农产品的需求,设计了空间资源利用型、物质循环多级利用型、生物共生共养增值型、农户(庭院)复合生态系统型、休闲观光农业发展型等8种生态农业模式,并辅以循环图,介绍了每种模式的组分和循环过程。确定可重点挖掘的模式有现代草食畜牧业模式、生态经济产业园综合开发模式、葡萄酒园区综合开发模式。在模式配置中,按生态功能敏感性区分,确定合理的开发强度和模式组合。

Ecological agriculture modes design in Huayang Lakeside Zone

Lakeside zone belongs to land-lake ecotone and is a critical element of lake ecosystem. In recent years, ecological functions of lakes and wetlands have significantly declined due to unreasonable use of resources. This has led to a serious shortage of ecological resources. Ecological agriculture has been used to set up multi-level recyclable and healthy agro-ecological systems, which is beneficial for saving resources and ecological remediation. As a result, ecological agriculture is vital for restoring and protecting ecosystems. Huayang Lakes Area is located in the land-lake ecotone in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Although this area has abundant resources, the ecological environment is fragile. Also because of high demand for agricultural products, there is the need to set up an ecological agriculture that can sufficiently protect the ecology. Ecological agriculture can make use of multi-level and three-dimensional systems for different organisms and can also meet the purposes of resources saving, pollution reduction and ecological restoration. The design of ecological agriculture modes are based on the theory of ecology, ecological economics; and on the principles of food chain, systems engineering, ecological niche and "tri-benefit" coordination development (ecological, economic and social benefits). Ecological agriculture modes were designed in this paper by using the methods of flat structure design, three-dimensional structure, food chain structure design and production chain structure design in Huayang Lakes Area of Anhui Province. It was also based on local agricultural conditions, social and economic conditions and market orientation principle. The study was conducted on the bases of conditions of agricultural production and agricultural products demand in the area, including urban economic area, wet lakeside area, major agricultural products area, characterisitic-crops production area and farmers' courtyard. Through analysis of regional agricultural production characteristics, the paper designed eight types of ecological agriculture modes. These were space resource utilization modes, material cycle multi-state utilization modes, biological symbiosis modes, farmers' (courtyard) production and living complementary mode, and leisure and sightseeing agriculture mode. The paper also used cyclic flowcharts to detail the components and circulation processes of each mode. Specific focus was placed on the development of herbivorous livestock mode, comprehensive development of ecological economy industrial park mode, comprehensive development of wine park mode. In the allocation of different modes, determining reasonable development strengths and proper modes combination based on the sensitivity of the ecology were critical.