长三角乡村多功能时空演化特征与驱动机制

乡村多功能是乡村地域系统发展的重要特征,有效识别其时空格局特征与驱动机制,是促进乡村振兴发展的重要依据。该研究以长三角作为典型研究案例区,在界定乡村多功能内涵特征基础上,构建出乡村多功能评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法定量测度2000－2020年长三角乡村多功能水平;综合GIS空间分析、空间自相关模型及地理探测器模型等对研究期间长三角乡村多功能时空演化及驱动机制进行初探。结果表明：1）2000年以来长三角乡村多功能水平呈现提升态势,并表现出"南高北低"区域差异特征;分项功能水平差异表现为乡村生产功能>乡村生活功能>乡村生态功能。2）研究期间长三角乡村多功能全局上表现出显著的正自相关;局部上,长三角乡村生产功能H(High)-H(High)型主要集聚在皖北地区,乡村生活功能H-H型主要集聚在苏南地区,而乡村生态功能H-H型主要分布在浙西南地区。3）长三角乡村多功能形成和演化受到自然地理环境和经济社会发展因素综合影响,其中地区经济实力、城镇化水平及固定资产投资是影响长三角乡村多功能演化的主导因子,且与其他因子交互驱动力强于单因子作用,交互作用能够增强对长三角乡村多功能时空演化的解释。4）从乡村地域主导功能视角出发,结合各地域类型功能现状、资源环境特征及区域发展背景,因地制宜采取差异化的长三角乡村地域功能优化策略。

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanism of rural multi-functions in the Yangtze River Delta

Rural is a spatial regional system concept, referring to the region outside the city. The rural regional system in China has changed gradually under the impact of rapid urbanization, particularly from the traditional single agricultural production to the industry, leisure service, and commodity retail multiple functions. Much more emphasis has also been posed on the multiple functions of agriculture and countryside. It is very necessary to scientifically evaluate the level of rural multi-function for the regional differentiation and type characteristics in the context of rural revitalization strategy. The formation and evolution of driving mechanism can also be of practical significance to promote the implementation of rural revitalization. Taking the Yangtze River Delta as a case study and the county as a research scale, an evaluation index system was constructed to quantitatively measure the rural multi-function level using the entropy weight TOPSIS. The connotation and characteristics of rural multi-function were also defined during this time. The spatial-temporal evolution and driving mechanism of rural multi-function during the study period were then analyzed to integrate the GIS spatial analysis, spatial autocorrelation, and geographic detector model. The results showed that: (1) The rural multi-functional level was ever improving since 2000. There were significant regional differences in the rural multi-functional level, indicating an overall feature of "high in the south and low in the north". The difference in functional level was ranked in the order of the rural production function > rural living function > rural ecological function. (2) There was a significant positive autocorrelation in the overall spatial distribution of rural multi-functional functions, indicating a high (low) - high (low) agglomeration pattern. Locally, the H-H type of rural production function was mainly concentrated in northern Anhui, whereas, the H-H type of rural living function was in southern Jiangsu, and the H-H type of rural ecological function was distributed in southwest Zhejiang. (3) The evolution of rural multi-function depended mainly on the natural and geographical environment, as well as the economic and social development factors. There was a gradually increased effect of economic and social factors on the evolution of rural multi-function. By contrast, the natural environmental factors gradually decreased the effect intensity. Among them, the regional economic strength, urbanization level, and fixed asset investment were the leading factors in the evolution of rural multi-function. The interaction driving force with some factors was stronger than that with the single factor. The interaction type was mainly enhanced by two factors. Therefore, the rural transformation can highlight the dominant functions of different regions in the future, according to the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of rural multi-function since the 21st century. An optimization mode was also constructed for the dominant function of rural regions. A combination was made for the functional status of each regional type, resource, and environment characteristics, as well as the regional development background. A differentiated optimization strategy of rural regional functions can also be expected to serve as the rural revitalization, according to local conditions in the Yangtze River Delta.