息烽县褐家鼠形态特征、种群数量动态及预测研究

采用夹夜法调查逐月捕获率,用捕获率表示种群数量,对贵州省息烽县1986～2009年褐家鼠种群数量进行系统监测。结果表明:褐家鼠是当地家栖鼠优势种,占总鼠数的47.68%,为监测和防治的主要对象。年均捕获率为(3.73±0.70)%,最高为(9.26±4.49)%,最低为(1.09±0.30)%。全年种群数量在3月、7月、10月出现3个数量高峰期,平均捕获率分别为(4.74±3.39)%、(4.67±4.33)%、(4.01±3.42)%;1月和12月为数量低谷期,平均捕获率分别为(3.36±1.54)%、(2.67±1.92)%。在不同季节,种群数量变化以夏季(6～8月)最高,平均捕获率为(4.33±3.71)%,冬季(12～2月)最低为(2.75±2.19)%。以此建立以捕获率为单因子指标的预测方程式为:Y1=0.508 2X1+2.459 5,Y2=1.017 1X2+0.849 6,Y3=1.315 8X3-0.263 4,Y4=1.055 7X4+0.866 3,其相关性极显著,可提前1～3个月对褐家鼠种群数量高峰期进行预测。

Morphological Characteristics and Population Dynamics of Rattus norvegicus in Xifeng County

To characterize the diversification of Rattus nor uegicus, the capture ratio, reflecting the group population, was investigated by the night trapping method in the present work. The population analyses revealed that Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species among the locally eommensal rodents during 1986 - 2009, accounting for 47.68% of the total. It was the major species to be controled and prevented with （ 3.73 ± 0. 70 ） % of average annual capture vatio. Three peaks of Rattus noruegicus amount were annually investigated in March, July and October, whoes average capture ratio were （4.74± 3.39） %, （4.67±4.33 ） % and （4. 01 ±3.42 ） % , respectively. However, the ceiling value is （9.26 ± 4.49 ） % , and the lowest one is （ 1.09 ± 0.30） %. The highest variations in average capture ratio were observed both in summer （June - August, （4.33 ± 3.71 ） % ） and in winter （December - Feburary, （2.75 ± 2.19 ） % ）. The equations of Rattus Norvegicus peak prediction had been characterized as Y1 = 0. 508 2 X1 ＋ 2. 459 5, X2 = 1. 017 1 X2 ＋ 0. 849 6, Y3 = 1. 315 8 X3 -0. 263 4, and Y4 = 1. 055 7 X4 ＋0. 866 3, which might predict the peak ahead of one to three months.