有机肥与复合肥配施对楚雄烤烟产量和质量的影响

为了更好地调整施肥方案、提高烟叶有效供给能力，以云烟87为材料，设置不同有机肥等氮替代比例，研究楚雄烟区适宜的有机肥替代比例。结果表明，4种有机肥替代处理对烤烟农艺性状的影响无显著差异，但对烟叶外观质量、化学成分、感官质量和经济性状影响较大。其中10%有机肥+90%烟草专用复合肥处理及20%有机肥+80%烟草专用复合肥处理的烟叶外观质量较优；10%有机肥+90%烟草专用复合肥、20%有机肥+80%烟草专用复合肥处理3个部位的烟叶化学成分协调性中等偏上，10%有机肥+90%烟草专用复合肥处理下部烟叶的综合得分最高，且感官品质最好。从经济性状来看，40%有机肥+60%烟草专用复合肥处理产值最高，其次是10%有机肥+90%烟草专用复合肥处理，但前者上等烟比例低于后者，后者的上等烟比例、中上等烟比例分别较对照100%烟草专用复合肥提高了2.12、2.99个百分点，均价较对照100%烟草专用复合肥提高2.51%，产量适中，产值优于对照。综上所述，10%有机肥+90%烟草专用复合肥处理下，烤烟具有良好的田间表现，产量适中，产值高，且烤后烟叶外观品质优，化学成分协调性好，是楚雄烟区烤烟栽培适宜的有机肥替代化肥比例。

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Compound Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

To better adjust the fertilization scheme and to improve the effective supply capacity of to bacco leaves, isonitrogen substitution treatments using organic fertilizer were set to study the appropriate organic fertilizer replacement ratio in Chuxiong tobacco production area with Yunyan 87 as materials. The results showed that agronomic traits of 4 treatments had no significant difference compared with those of control, but 4 treatments had significant effects on appearance quality, chemical composition, sensory quality and economic return of tobacco leaves. 10% organic fertilizer plus 90%tobacco specified compound fertilizer treatment and 20% organic fertilizer plus 80% tobacco specified compound fertilizer treatment showed ideal appearance quality. The chemical composition coordination of tobacco leaves in 3 parts under 10% organic fertilizer plus 90% tobacco specified compound fertilizert reatment and 20% organic fertilizer plus 80% tobacco specified compound fertilizer treatment was above the average, comprehensive analysis value and sensory quality of tobacco leaves peaked under 10% organic fertilizer plus 90% tobacco specified compound fertilizer treatment. Economic return peaked under 40% organic fertilizer plus 60% tobacco specified compound fertilizer treatment and was followed by 10% organic fertilizer plus 90%tobacco specified compound fertilizer treatment with higher the proportion of superior tobacco detected in the latter treatment, and the proportions of superior tobacco, middle-upper tobacco in the latter treatment were 2.12 percent and 2.99 percent higher than that of the control, i.e. 100% tobacco specified compound fertilizer, respectively, and the average price in the latter treatment was increase by 2.51% compared with that of the control. To sum up, 10% organic fertilizer plus 90% tobacco specified compound fertilizer treatment showed ideal production performance, moderate yield and high output value, the appearance quality and chemical composition coordination of flue-cured tobacco under this treatment were also ideal, it is the appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer in Chuxiong tobacco production area.