啶磺草胺等8种除草剂对小麦田8种禾本科杂草的生物活性

在温室内采用盆栽整株喷雾法研究了啶磺草胺等8种除草剂对雀麦、节节麦等8种禾本科杂草的生物活性,探讨各除草剂对这些禾本科杂草的防除谱及防除效果。结果表明：啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆和甲基二磺隆对雀麦、日本看麦娘和看麦娘的防效均较好,田间推荐剂量下（14、22.5、9 g/hm2）防效为66.74%～100%;对硬草的防效略差;对野燕麦和节节麦的防效较差;对菵草、蜡烛草略有差异,氟唑磺隆对菵草防效较好,而啶磺草胺对蜡烛草防效较好。唑啉草酯、肟草酮、炔草酯、精恶唑禾草灵和异丙隆对日本看麦娘、看麦娘、蜡烛草、硬草、菵草和野燕麦防效均较好,田间推荐剂量下防效为71.73%～100%,对节节麦、雀麦防效较差或无效。

Biological activity of eight herbicides to eight species of major grasses in wheat fields

Whole plant dose-response experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of eight herbicides (pyroxsulam, flucarbazone-Na, mesosuifuron-methyl, pinoxaden, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, traloxydim, isoproturon) on eight main grasses (Bromus tectorum L., Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv., Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern., Avena fatua L., Phleum paniculatum Huds., Alopecurus japonicus Steud., Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Aegilops tauschii Coss.). The results showed that pyroxsulam, flucarbazone-Na and mesosulfuron-methyl achieved 66.74%-100% control of Bromus tectorum, Alopecurus japonicus and Alopecurus aequalis at the field rate of 14, 22.5 and 9 g/hm², respectively. However, these herbicides only had slightly effects or no effect to S.dura, Avena fatua, and A.tauschii. In particular, flucarbazone-Na has better control of Beckmannia syzigachne, and pyroxsulam has better control of Phleum paniculatum. Pinoxaden, tralkoxydim, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and isoproturon had high efficacy on A.japonicus, A.aequalis, P.paniculatum, S.dura, B.syzigachne and A.fatua with 71.73%-100% control effect at the field rate. In contrast, these herbicides had inefficient control on A.tauschii and B.tectorum.