引黄灌区水肥一体模式下春玉米磷素吸收特征与磷肥适宜用量研究

以玉米品种宁吉198为试验材料，设6个磷肥量级，对玉米磷素吸收特性、磷肥利用率和玉米产量等相关指标进行测定分析，所有处理N、K₂O用量一致，确定银川平原引黄灌区水肥一体化模式下最佳磷肥施用量。玉米生育期内取样测定，分析不同磷肥处理对玉米叶面积指数、磷素积累量、磷肥利用率、灌浆速率和产量等指标的影响。结果表明，施用磷肥180 kg/hm²表现最佳，与其他处理相比植株磷素积累量和干物质积累量最高，对子粒贡献率上升8.57%～26.28%，干物质积累量显著增加5.71%～11.44%，产量增加4.9%～17.7%。滴灌水肥一体模式下磷肥施用量180 kg/hm²可以提高玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累量、植株磷素积累转运量和肥料利用率，产量最高可达14 492.13 kg/hm²。通过一元二次方程将2年产量数据进行拟合，得出最高产量下对应磷肥施用量为175.43 kg/hm²，是银川平原引黄灌区磷肥最佳施用量。

Study on the Characteristics of Phosphorus Uptake and Appropriate Amount of Phosphorus Fertilizer for Spring Maize under the Integrated Water and Fertilizer Model in the Yellow Irrigation Area

To determine the optimum amount of phosphorus fertilizer application under drip irrigation in Yinchuan Plain by measuring and analyzing the phosphorus uptake characteristics, phosphorus fertilizer utilization and maize yield in a field experiment. Six phosphorus fertilizer treatments were set up with maize variety Ningji198 as the test material. The amount of N and K₂O was consistent across all treatments, and the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer treatments on phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization and yield of maize were analyzed by sampling during the fertility period of maize. The phosphorus fertilizer application of 180 kg/ha, 8.57%-26.28% higher contribution to seeds, 5.71%-11.44% higher dry matter accumulation, and yield increased by 4.9%-17.7%. The application rate of phosphate fertilizer of 180 kg/ha under the integrated mode of drip irrigation and water fertilizer can improve the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, plant phosphorus accumulation transport and fertilizer utilization rate, and the yield can reach up to 14 492.13 kg/ha, and the two-year yield data is fitted by the univariate quadratic equation, and the corresponding phosphorus fertilizer application rate under the highest yield is 175.43 kg/ha, which is the optimal application rate of phosphate fertilizer in the yellow-induced irrigation area of the Yinchuan Plain.