两种改良方法对玉米辽旅群体改良效果和杂优模式分析

旅大红骨是我国重要地方种质资源,通过S₁家系密植鉴定改良法和半姊妹家系配合力改良法对辽旅群体进行两轮改良。结果表明,两种方法显著改善群体的穗行数和出籽率,提高了群体穗粗、穗行数和出籽率的一般配合力及穗粗、百粒重的杂种优势。经过两轮S₁家系密植鉴定法改良,原始群体的产量一般配合力提高了8.96,超亲优势提高了12.22%;半姊妹家系配合力改良法产量一般配合力提高了4.75,超亲优势提高了11.49%。S₁家系密植鉴定法改良后的群体性状优良,一般配合力更高,杂种优势更强,与玉米各类群间特殊配合力没有明显差异,更适合对辽旅群体进行后续改良。

Analysis of Effect and Heterosis Model of Two Improvement Methods on Liaolv Population of Maize

Lvda red bone is a critical local germplasm resource in China. This study conducted two cyclic improvements on Liaolv population through method of S₁ high-density planting determination and half-sib family combining ability improvement. The results showed that both methods improved the traits of ear row numbers and kernel rate, the general combining ability(GCA) of ear diameter, ear row number and kernel rate, as well as the heterozygous advantage of ear diameter and 100-grain weight. After two cyclic improvements by S₁ high-density planting determination, the GCA of yield increased 8.96%, and the over-parent heterosis increased 12.22%. The GCA of yield improved 4.75 and the over-parent heterosis increased 11.49% by half-sib family combining ability improvement. The population traits improved by the S₁ strain dense planting method are excellent, with higher GCA and heterozygous advantage, and the special combining ability between improved populations and other germplasm of maize after improvement of S₁ high-density planting determination, indicating this method is more suitable for subsequent improvement of Liaolv population.