小麦早熟高产品种产量形成特性的分析

选用黄淮麦区和北部冬麦区正在推广的早熟、中熟和中晚熟3类不同熟期的5个品种,设低、中、高3种种植密度,研究了在竞争和少竞争条件下各种性状的变化规律,分析了不同熟期品种产量形成特性,特别是对早熟品种河农2552的早熟、高产综合特点进行了分析,以探明参试的早熟小麦品种高产的生理基础和进一步提高早熟小麦品种产量潜力的性状改良途径。结果表明:产量潜力和生育期长度之间并不存有一定的相关性,作为早熟性的组成要素,花序出现前的主茎叶片数和叶片形成与展开速度,是早熟高产相结合的物质基础。在生育性状的改良中,缩短拨节到抽穗(雌雄蕊分化到抽穗)的时间,不仅潜力高、弹性大、又不影响育成品种的越冬抗寒性和小穗分化,而且对籽粒形成和灌浆更为有利。对促进早熟和高产的结合是最为有利的。

Analysis on yield formation properties in early maturing and high grain yield wheat cultivers

This research,by selecting 5 different strains of wheat which belong to 3 sorts of mature periods(early premature variety,middle permature variety and middle late-maturing variety) popularized in Huanghuai Wheat Zone and the Northern Winter Wheat Zone,and by experimenting 3 different planting density(Low,middle,high),studies the transformation laws of their important properties with and without competition,analysis the yield reaching properties of different mature periods,and particularly probes into the property of prematureness and high yield of one strain of premature wheat,Henong 2552,respectively to find out the physiologic mechanism of the high grain yield of early-maturing wheat cultivars,and the way of characteristic improvement in further increasing in yield potential.The results show: The yield potential may not necessarily in positive relaton to growth period.As an important factor of early ripening;the formaton and development rate of the leaves of the main stalk and their number wnich is an important conditon for the development of the reproductive parts,thus being the material basis for early ripening and high yield.In the betterment of the features of reproducton,the shortening of the period between stalk development and ear growth mean a higher potential and flexibility and will not influence cold-resistance and the development of sub-ears,which is also beneficial to the development of grains.Thus it can realize the integraton of early ripening and high yield.