Biological and chemical properties of arable soils affected by long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer applications |
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Authors: | M ?imek D W Hopkins J Kal?ík T Picek H ?antr??ková J Staňa K Trávník |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Soil Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na sádkách 7, CZ 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, XX;(2) Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, CZ 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, XX;(3) Department of Environmental Science, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, GB;(4) Institute of Soil Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na sádkách 7, CZ 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, XX;(5) Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Hroznová 2, CZ 656 06 Brno, Czech Republic, XX |
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Abstract: | Using soils from field plots in four different arable crop experiments that have received combinations of manure, lime and
inorganic N, P and K for up to 20 years, the effects of these fertilizers on soil chemical properties and estimates of soil
microbial community size and activity were studied. The soil pH was increased or unaffected by the addition of organic manure
plus inorganic fertilizers applied in conjunction with lime, but decreased in the absence of liming. The soil C and N contents
were greater for all fertilized treatments compared to the control, yet in all cases the soil samples from fertilized plots
had smaller C:N ratios than soil from the unfertilized plots. The soil concentrations of all the other inorganic nutrients
measured were greater following fertilizer applications compared with the unfertilized plots, and this effect was most marked
for P and K in soils from plots that had received the largest amounts of these nutrients as fertilizers. Both biomass C determined
by chloroform fumigation and glucose-induced respiration tended to increase as a result of manure and inorganic fertilizer
applications, although soils which received the largest additions of inorganic fertilizers in the absence of lime contained
less biomass C than those to which lime had been added. Dehydrogenase activity was lower in soils that had received the largest
amounts of fertilizers, and was further decreased in the absence of lime. This suggests that dehydrogenase activity was highly
sensitive to the inhibitory effects associated with large fertilizer additions. Potential denitrification and anaerobic respiration
determined in one soil were increased by fertilizer application but, as with both the microbial biomass and dehydrogenase
activity, there were significant reductions in both N2O and CO2 production in soils which received the largest additions of inorganic fertilizers in the absence of lime. In contrast, the
size of the denitrifying component of the soil microbial community, as indicated by denitrifying enzyme activity, was unaffected
by the absence of lime at the largest rate of inorganic fertilizer applications. The results indicated differences in the
composition or function of microbial communities in the soils in response to long-term organic and inorganic fertilization,
especially when the soils were not limited.
Received: 10 March 1998 |
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Keywords: | Long-term fertilization Microbial biomass Dehydrogenase activity Denitrification potential Denitrifying enzyme activity |
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