水肥耦合对保护地辣椒叶片光合速率的影响

为了探讨辣椒的水肥耦合效应,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,建立了灌水定额、氮肥和磷肥对保护地辣椒叶片光合作用速率的数学模型。研究表明,灌水或施肥过多过少都引起辣椒叶片光合作用速率降低。灌水、施氮和施磷3因素中,某一因素均以其他2因素代码值为零水平时辣椒叶片光合作用速率较高。3因素对辣椒叶绿素含量影响的大小顺序为施磷施氮灌水。施磷效应较大,施氮和灌水效应较小且大小相近。用频率分析方法得出辣椒叶片光合作用速率≥0.29mg·m-2·S-1的综合水肥管理措施为:灌水167.7～179m3·hm-2·次-1,施纯氮231～261.2kg·hm-2,施纯磷204.9～220.5kg·hm-2。灌水、施氮和施磷对辣椒产量和叶片光合作用速率影响的效应趋势基本相同,二者有显著的正相关,辣椒良好的光合生理特性为辣椒产量的形成奠定了良好基础。

COUPING EFFECTS OF IRRAGATION AND FERTILIZERS ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE OF CAPSICUM LEAVES UNDER CONDITION OF CAPSICUM CULTIVATION IN PROTECTIVE FARMLAND

In order to explore couping effects between irrigation and fertilizers of capsicum, the model of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on photosynthetic rate of capsicum leaves under protective farmland was established by means of the quadratic orthogonal rotatory combination design, regression model of irrigation.  The results showed that extremely more or less irrigation and fertilization all decreased photosynthetic rate of capsicum leaves. Among the 3 factors of irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, one factor sends higher photosynthetic rate at 0 level of other two factors code. Effect on photosynthetic rate of capsicum leaves followed the order of phosphate fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer>irrigation. The effect of phosphate fertilizer was greater than those of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation. By method of frequency analysis, management system of photosynthetic rate of capsicum leaves higher than 0.29mg·m-2·S-1 was put forward, such as  irrigating quota 167.7~179m3·hm-2·times-1, application of N 231~261.2kg·hm-2and application P2O5 204.9~220.5kg·hm-2. Effects of irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on capsicum yield and photosynthetic rate of capsicum leaves show the similar trend,and both present a significant positive correlation. Well photosynthesis is a good foundation of yield.