UV-B增加对几种不同作物影响程度的种间比较

采用大田群体试验方法,研究了UV-B增加对小麦、大豆、棉花及玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明,UV-B强度增加1.00W·m-2,不同作物对紫外线UV-B增加的敏感性存在很大的差异。作物的产量和反应指数均表明,作物对紫外线增加的敏感性为棉花>大豆>小麦>玉米。初步分析了不同作物对紫外线敏感差异的区别。

Differences in Sensitivity to Enhanced UV - B Radiation of Several Different Crops

During the past two decades significant reductions in the stratosp he ric ozone layer, caused by contamination with man-made chlorouorocarbons, nitro us oxides, methyl bromide and methane, have occurred over much of the earth, inc luding temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and it is expected that t his reduction will increase in magnitude into the next century. The resulting in crease in UV-B radiation at the Earth's surface has potentially deleterious con sequences for agricultural production and natural plant ecosystems. Since wheat ,soybean, cotton and maize are important crop worldwide, and wheat,soybean and cotton are sensitive to enhanced UV-B radiation, only very few studies concern ing their differences in sensitivity to enhanced UV-B radiation have been done under field conditions, it is of interest to gain new data about responses of di fferent crops to elevated UV-B radiation. In the present study, we assessed the crop plant response in terms of morphological, physiological parameters and res ponse index under field conditions. Differences in sensitivity to enhanced UV-B radiation of wheat, maize, cotton and soybean were evaluated. The growth index and response index indicated that the sensitivity of different crops to enhanced UV-B radiation show great difference, and based on the extent of yield decreas e and response index, the sensitivity of crops to enhanced UV-B radiation is co tton>soybean>wheat>maize. The yield loss of wheat and soybean in response to enh anced UV-B radiation are mainly attributed to the decrease of biomass, while co tton is mainly attributed to the decrease of economic coefficient. The differenc es of several indicators such as plant height; leaf area, biomass and economic y ield in respond to enhanced UV-B radiation is also discussed. The result provid e valuable reference to the yield loss assessment of different crops under the c ondition of enhanced UV-B radiation in the near future, and redound to bring fo rward measures such as suitable crop arrangement to alleviate the yield loss in response to enhanced UV-B radiation.