苦瓜种子EMS 诱变条件分析

以江门大顶苦瓜自交系干种子为材料，设置EMS 溶液不同浓度（0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%）和不同诱变时间 （2、4、6 h）处理组合，通过统计苦瓜种子发芽势和发芽率指标以及M₀ 植株表型观察来确定苦瓜种子EMS 诱变的适宜条件。 结果表明，EMS 溶液浓度、诱变时间以及两者的互作均对苦瓜种子发芽势和发芽率具有显著的影响；根据半致死条件原则， 初步认为清水浸种8 h，然后利用1.5% 或1.2% EMS 溶液处理2 h 是苦瓜种子EMS 诱变的适宜条件；将1.2% 或1.5% EMS 溶 液处理2 h 所获得的共129 株M₀ 苦瓜幼苗进行田间定植和表型观察，发现苦瓜植株表型突变频率分别为5.12% 和7.85%，且 表型变异多发生于叶片和果实，表明所筛选的诱变条件可以用于苦瓜种子EMS 诱变研究。试验结果为下一步利用EMS 诱变 技术开展苦瓜突变体库构建以及创制苦瓜新材料奠定了基础。

Analysis of EMS Mutagenesis Condition for Bitter Gourd （Momordica charantia L.） Seed

Taking dry seeds of bitter gourd inbred line‘ Jiangmendading’ as materials，setting up combinations of treatments with different EMS concentrations（ 0，0.3%，0.6%，0.9%，1.2% and 1.5%） and different mutagenesis times（2，4，6 hours），this study determined the suitable conditions for EMS mutagenesis of bitter gourd seed through statistical data of seed germination vigor and rate and observation on M₀ plant phenotypes． Results showed that EMS concentration，mutagenesis time and their interaction had significant impact on germination vigor and rate of bitter gourd seed．According to the principles of semi-lethal condition，8 hours of soaking with water followed by 2 hours with 1.5% or 1.2% EMS treatment were the suitable conditions for EMS mutagenesis of bitter gourd seed．Field planting and phenotype observation of 129 M₀ plants after 2 hours with 1.2% or 1.5% EMS treatment revealed that the mutation frequency of bitter gourd plant phenotypes were 5.12% and 7.85%，respectively，and the phenotypic variations often occurred in leaf and fruit，indicating that the selected conditions were suitable for studying EMS mutagenesis of bitter gourd seed．These results have laid a foundation for further using EMS mutagenesis technology to construct mutant library and create new bitter gourd materials．