北京地区不同年代冬小麦品种籽粒微量元素含量的变化及其对水分的响应

为探讨北京地区小麦品种更替过程中籽粒微量元素含量的演变规律,选用20世纪60年代以来小麦品种更替过程中的7个主要推广品种,分别种植在春不浇水和春浇二水条件下,测定了小麦籽粒中Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、蛋白质含量以及籽粒产量.结果表明,北京地区小麦品种更替过程中,随着产量的提高,籽粒微量元素含量并没有出现明显的稀释效应,而且有些营养成分含量(如Fe、Mn)随着年代更替出现明显提高的趋势；春不浇水降低了籽粒Fe、Zn、Cu和蛋白质含量,但提高了籽粒Mn含量.相关分析表明,小麦籽粒Fe、Zn、Cu含量与蛋白质含量呈正相关,Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、蛋白质含量与籽粒产量、穗粒数和千粒重以及年代之间也呈正相关,说明在产量改良的过程中有望同步提高籽粒微量元素和蛋白质含量.

Change of Micronutrient Concentration during Cultivar Evolution of Winter Wheat in Beijing Area and Their Responses to Water

To study the evolvement of grain micronutrient concentration during the evolution of wheat cultivar in Beijing area, seven main popular cultivars since 1960s were planted at the experimental station of China Agricultural University in 2010-2011 growth season under two irrigation treatments (W0, no irrigation in spring; W2, two irrigation in spring), and the concentration of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and protein as well as grain yield were investigated. The results showed that, during the wheat cultivar evolution in Beijing area, grain micronutrients had not been diluted as the grain yield increased, especially the concentrations of Fe and Mn were increased following the years. Compared to W2, W0 decreased the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu and protein but increased Mn concentration in grain. Correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of Fe, Zn and Cu were positively correlated to grain protein concentration, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and protein were positively correlated to grain yield, No. grains per ear, 1000 grains weight, and the years. This implies that during the cultivar improvement, grain yield and the concentrations of micronutrients and protein are possibly increased simultaneously.