泾惠渠灌区冬小麦夏玉米连作需水量及灌水模式研究

为了寻求冬小麦-夏玉米连作下的节水高效灌溉制度,采用大田小区试验,在连作种植模式下,统筹分析了冬小麦和夏玉米的需水量及生育期内降雨量,并与当地传统灌溉制度进行了产量对比。结果表明,连作种植模式下,泾惠渠灌区冬小麦、夏玉米全生育期需水量分别为410 mm和400 mm。在年降雨量为490 mm时,连作种植1 a内的经济灌溉定额为305 mm,相比于传统灌溉能节水8.9%。连作条件下作物总产量为12 010 kg/hm~2,产量相对于传统单作种植增加了6.2%,达到了增产目的。在冬小麦抽穗期和夏玉米播种期减少灌水,可在保证产量的基础上有效提高水分利用效率,是更为优化的连作灌水模式。

Water Requirement and Irrigation Schedule of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Jinghuiqu Irrigation District

In order to seek efficient water-saving irrigation mode under continuous wheat-maize cropping system,field plot trials during continuous cropping patterns were used,by reducing irrigation frequency,the average yield under traditional irrigation system was subjected to comparative.The results indicated that approximate water requirement of winter wheat and summer maize in Jinghuiqu was 410 mm and 400 mm.When the rainfall was 490 mm,planting economic irrigation quota was 305 mm in the whole year,and irrigation volume could be reduced by 8.9％.Under the continuous wheat-maize cropping system,the whole crop yield was 12 010 kg/hm2,increased by 6.2％ compared with monoculture.By reducing irrigation in wheat returning green stage and maize sowing stage,water use efficiency could be improved on the basis of yield,which was the better continuous irrigation mode.