咸水淡水轮灌模式及施肥量对玉米生长和土壤盐分的影响

试验设置6种不同的灌溉模式,分别为淡-淡-淡-淡、咸-淡-淡-淡、淡-淡-咸-淡、淡-咸-咸-淡、咸-淡-咸-淡和咸-咸-淡-淡,并以淡水灌溉作为对照(CK),咸水灌溉采用矿化度为3 g/L的微咸水,结合灌溉模式设置2个施肥水平,研究了不同咸淡轮灌模式及施肥量对玉米生长及土壤盐分累积的影响。结果表明,不同咸淡轮灌模式及施肥量对玉米生育指标和籽粒的品质指标影响显著,增加施肥量可促进玉米生长发育,提高产量;微咸水灌溉可提高玉米籽粒品质,但影响玉米生长发育、降低玉米产量,特别是灌溉2轮咸水的处理,株高和叶面积受到的影响较大,产量降低较明显;咸水灌溉次数越多、施肥量越大,土壤盐分累积程度越明显。因此,采用咸-淡-淡-淡的组合灌溉顺序配合560 kg/hm~2的施肥方式为该试验的最优方案。

Effect of Different Rotational Irrigation Modes and Fertilization Levels on the Growth of Maize and Salt Accumulation in Soil

Six different irrigation modes and two fertilization levels were set.Taking irrigation with fresh water as the control,the saline water with 3 g/L mineralization was used as irrigation water,and the effect of different rotational irrigation mode and fertilization amount on the growth of maize and salt accumulation of soil were studied.The results showed that,maize growth and production were improved by more fertilizer,maize quality were improved by irrigation with saline water,and the yield of maize decreased at the same time;specially,plant height,leaf area and yield of maize were affected obviously by two rounds irrigation with saline water;soil salinity was obviously increased by more salt water irrigation and fertilizer application.Therefore,the combination of saline-fresh-fresh-fresh irrigation order and 560 kg/hm2 fertilization scheme was selected as the optimal mode.