黄河流域保护性耕作技术的应用现状及特点

黄河流域的环境保护提出了对传统的耕作技术进行改革的问题。通过几十年的试验,以少免耕和覆盖为核心的保护性耕作技术,已在黄河流域得到深入的研究和较为广泛的应用,丘陵沟壑区坡地的水土保持耕作技术、旱地的玉米整秸秆全程覆盖耕作和旱地小麦留高茬少耕全程覆盖技术基本成熟。以往的研究表明,保护性耕作能够改善土壤结构,提高耕地地力,并在一定程度上提高农作物产量。虽然局部地区温度低阻碍农作物种子萌发、病虫草害发生严重、缺乏适合区域特点保护性耕作机械等问题在一定程度上制约了保护性耕作技术在黄河流域的应用推广,但从总体上看,该技术在黄河流域仍然具有广阔的推广应用前景。

Status and Characteristics of Conservation Tillages in Yellow River Basin

Drought and soil erosion are main factors affecting sustainable developmeof tillage and experiment research for a long time,the conservation agricultural techniques,which cores are no till and mulching,have been pushed forward and extensive applied,such as less or no tillage with stubble and whole course straw mulching,no-till,contour and belt planting in mountain region,etc.The result showed that conservation till can improve soil structure and quality,enhance soil fertility and increase crop yield.Although the CA application is limited on certain content with the factors,such as low germination of crop,insect and weed,adding the lack of suitable CA machine in some place of YRB,it still has expansive and potential effects and will be utilized widely in YRB.