缓释肥对水稻生长发育及产量的影响

以优化施肥处理和农民习惯施肥为对照,研究了3种不同水稻缓释肥对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,缓释肥3比农民习惯施肥处理分蘖数增加29%,比优化施肥处理增加23%;缓释肥1、缓释肥2处理比农民习惯施肥处理分蘖数增加25%,比优化施肥处理增加18.7%。不同处理的产量顺序为:优化施肥>缓释肥3>缓释肥2>缓释肥1>农民习惯施肥。优化施肥处理的产量分别比缓释肥料1、缓释肥料2和缓释肥料3的产量增加了6.4%、6%和3.7%;缓释肥料1比农民习惯施肥产量增加了8.7%,缓释肥料2比农民习惯施肥产量增加了9.1%,缓释肥料3比农民习惯施肥产量增加了11.3%。试验表明,优化施肥处理肥料可以明显提高水稻群体质量,但施用缓释肥料的处理水稻群体质量较差。3种缓释肥料处理在施肥后的40～50 d释放量较高,这与水稻需肥规律存在一定的差异。

Effects of slow-release fertilizer on growth and yield of rice

Taking optimized fertilization and farmer's fertilization practice(FFP) as controls,the effects of three slow-release fertilizers on rice growth and yield were studied with plot experiment.The results showed that slow-release fertilizer 3 increased tiller number by 29% compared with FFP,increased tiller number by 23% compared with optimized fertilization.Slow-release fertilizer 1 and 2 increased tiller number by 25% compared with FFP,increased tiller number by 18.7% compared with optimized fertilization.The yields for different treat-ment were in the following order: optimized fertilization>slow-release fertilizer 3>slow-release fertilizer 2>slow-release fertilizer 1>FFP.The yield of optimized fertilization was 6.4% higher than that of slow-release fertilizer 1,6% higher than that of slow-release fertilizer 2 and 3.7% higher than that of slow-release fertilizer 3.The yield increases for slow-release fertilizer 1,2 and 3 compared to FFP were 8.7%,9.1% and 11.3%,respectively.Optimized fertilization could improve rice population quality obviously,but the rice population quality in slow-release fertilizer treatments was not as good as expected.Large amount of N was released from slow-release fertilizers 40-50 d after application,but this N release pattern was not in accordance with rice requirement.