烟草与龙葵细胞杂交和新品系694-L选育的研究

 在烟草生产上尚存在容易感病、品质需要改进等问题。试验选用烟草（革新1号）和药用植物龙葵（野生种）为细胞杂交亲本，它们是茄科不同属的植物，有性杂交不育。用二个亲本的叶肉原生质体经诱导融合、培养、选择和鉴定得到了细胞杂种（TS-28，TS-33）。将其后代在选种圃经二年培育选出了大叶型株系694-L。再将694-L株系在鉴定圃与烟草亲本革新1号及目前黄淮海烟区统一应用的标准品种G140进行二年比较鉴定。结果表明694-L对烟草花叶病和气候斑点病的抗性均比革新1号和G140有所改善。694-L的产量和评吸结果和G140相近，但有些品质还需改进。试验将细胞杂交和有性杂交选育相结合，得到了可供进一步选育的烟草新品系，为应用细胞工程改良作物提供新的例证。

SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L) AND BLACK NIGHTSHADE(Solanum nigrum L.)AND SELECTION OF A NEW STRAIN 694-L

In tobacco production, there are some problems such as disease sensitivity, quality improvement etc. still waited to be solved. In this paper, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Gexin No. 1 ) and Solanun nigrum (wild type) which belong to different genera in and their sexual bybrids are sterile, were used as protoplast fusion parents. After induced fusion of their mesophyll protoplasts, caltuce, selection and identification, somatic hybrids (TS-28, TS-33)were obtained. A line with larger leaves (694-L) has been selected inthe selection plot after 2 generations. Then 694-L has been compared with Ge-Xin No.1 and G140(the standard variety in Huang-Haai-Hal tobacco region of China)in identification plot for another 2 generations.The results showed that the resistances to TMV and Alternaria alternata alternata of 694-L were better than that of Gexin No. 1 and G140. The yield and smoking character of 694 -L were similar to those of G140 but some qualities of the leaves still needed to be improved. A new tobacco strain for further selection has been obtained which offers an evidence in combination of tomatic hybridization and sexual selection for crop improvement