冬小麦冻害监测的原理与方法

冻害是我国北方冬小麦生产的重大灾害.由于冻害具有积累性和隐蔽性,因此冻害的早期诊断和预警对于防冻保苗工作至关重要.80年代初以来,北方冬麦区进行冻害联合监测是防冻保苗工作中的一个创造.小麦冻害生态类型的划分、冻害指标、冻害机理、抗冻能力及影响因素、受害形态解剖特征、冻害后效等方面的研究为冻害监测工作奠定了理论基础.冻害监测方法体系是由冻害科研实验方法与农学调查方法、农业气象观测方法相结合而逐步形成和完善起来的.冻害监测工作的开展,在一定程度上改变了在灾害面前迟迟不能正确识别,贻误补救时机的被动局面.目前我国北方各监测点已能对当地发生的冻害作出较为准确的早期诊断和预测,并提出可行的补救措施建议,取得了重大的经济效益.

Basic Principles and Methodology of Monitoring Freezing Injury of Winter Wheat

Freezing injury is one of the serious disasters in winter wheat production in North China. Because of its accumulative and latent characters, the early diagnosis and warning is most important for the prevention of freezing injury. Since the early 1980s, joint monitoring of freezing injury of winter wheat in North China is a creative work of protecting wheat seedlings.The theoretical basis of monitoring was established by research work on ecological types, indices and mechanism of fneezing injury, cold resistance, and its affect factors, anatomical characters and sequential effects of freezing injury. The methodological system was progresivcly formed and completed by combining methods of laboratory experiment, agronomical investigation and agrometeorological observation.The successful work of monitoring freezing injury has partly changed the passive situation in which people can not distinguish injury quickly and correctly, and the remedial chances were often lost. Recent years, the network of monitoring has been able to provide early accurate diagnosis and prediction of freezing injury of different areas, and to make feasible suggestions of remedial measures. Peasants have now got great benifit from this work in winter wheat production.