Influences of stand composition and age on forest floor processes and chemistry in pure and mixed stands of Douglas-fir and paper birch in interior British Columbia |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21 111 Lakeshore Blvd., Montréal, Qué., Canada H2X 3V9;2. Southern Interior Forest Region, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, 515 Columbia St., Kamloops, BC, Canada V2C 2T7;1. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technische Universität München, Germany;2. INIA-Forest Research Centre and Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid & INIA, Ctra de A Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Abteilung Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany;4. Faculty of Forestry, University Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina;5. LERFoB, AgroParisTech, INRA, F-54000 Nancy, France;6. Department of Silviculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;7. Institute of Forest Biology and Silviculture, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas, Lithuania;8. Dpt of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain;9. Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden;10. Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia;11. Chair of Silviculture, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany;12. Forestry Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine;13. Department of Agraria, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, I-89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy;14. Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia;15. Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands;p. Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences DISAFA, University of Turin, Italy;q. Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland;r. Universite Catholique de Louvain, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering & Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;s. Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic;t. Department of Forest and Soil Science, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria;u. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic;v. Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium;w. Department of Silviculture, Forest Research Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria;1. Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil;2. Federal University of Ceará, Soil Science Department, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil;3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;4. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia;5. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India;6. Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia;1. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;3. Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;4. Chair of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;5. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China;6. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The influence of stand composition and age on forest floor chemical properties, nitrogen availability, and microbial activity was examined in mixed and pure stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Decomposition of Douglas-fir and birch litter over two years as well as annual litter input was also measured. Mixed and pure stands of each species aged 10–25, 50–65 and >85 years old were selected in the Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH) zone of southern interior British Columbia. Significantly more total N was mineralized in the forest floor of pure birch compare to that of pure Douglas-fir stands while forest floor of mixed species stands had intermediate N mineralization values. When sampling times were pooled forest floor N mineralization was lowest in the young stands compared to the older stands. Stand composition did not significantly affect litter decomposition were found in litter decomposition, microbial respiration and biomass. Stand age, however, did affect these parameters significantly. More birch litter mass was lost in young stands than in their older counterparts while the opposite trend was observed for fir litter. Generally, lower basal respiration, microbial biomass and Cmic/Corg was found in young compared to older stands. Concentrations and contents of forest floor total N and exchangeable K and Mg, and pH under pure birch were consistently higher compared to pure Douglas-fir. While forest floor total C, available P contents, exchangeable K and Mg concentrations were lowest in young stands, no differences were observed for total N and exchangeable Ca. All litter nutrient concentrations and contents were highest in pure birch stands. No clear trends could be discerned in litter nutrient concentration data among stand ages, although when converted to nutrient contents, there was a general increase with stand age. Both stand type and age had significant effects on forest floor properties and processes suggesting that stand age is another factor to evaluate when assessing the influence of forest composition on forest floor processes and chemistry. In terms of the effect of mixture, the data indicated that the maintenance of paper birch in mixed stands in these forest may have some effect on nutrient availability and status. |
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