不同产区地黄的比较研究

用石蜡切片法、薄切片法、高效液相色谱法对不同产区地黄块根的外部形态和内部解剖结构以及有效成分梓醇含量进行了比较研究,用SPSS 10.0软件系统分析了不同产区的主要生态因子与地黄块根中梓醇含量的相关性。结果表明,地黄道地药材怀地黄从外观上有以下特征:颜色较深,为黄褐色,形状为块状,最粗处直径大,长度/粗度比值小。而其解剖构造上的特征如下:横切面有菊花心,其他产区的地黄没有菊花心;怀地黄木质部/韧皮部的比值为3.7,木质部及木质部中薄壁细胞所占的比例都较其他产区要高。怀地黄中主要药用成分梓醇的含量也高于其他产区,通常都在9%以上。土壤类型与地黄块根中梓醇含量密切相关,怀地黄的道地产区土壤为砂壤土,是由黄河冲积而成的,这种土壤的特点是pH值为7.5~8.5、透气性好、持水保肥能力差。说明透气性好的弱碱性土壤适合地黄生长和梓醇积累。外地引种怀地黄块根有逐步退化变小的趋势,说明怀地黄之所以能成为“道地药材”与怀庆地区这个得天独厚的自然地理条件有密切关系。

The Comparative Studies on the Tuberous Roots of Rehmannia Glutinosa in Different Producing Areas

The methods of integrating thin-section technique,HPLC were adopted to study the external morphology,interior anatomy structures and contents of catalpol of tuberous roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboch F in different producing areas.The correlation between the content of catalpol in the root tuber from different producing areas and the environmental factors were analysed by SPSS 10.0 software.The results showed that from external appearances,the color of root tuber of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboch F Hueichingensis Hsiao was yellow and the ratio between xylem and phloem and the proportion parenchyma cells was higher.The analysis results showed that correlation between the content of catalpol in the root tuber from different producing areas and the soil environmental factors was the most importanted factor.Among soil environmental factors the correlations of pH,Nt,Pt were significant at the 0.01 level.The correlations of Kt,and organic matter were significant at the 0.05 level.It is concluded that the forming of genuine crude drugs of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboch F related to spaical environmental factors of Huaiqing area.