黄淮麦区水、旱生态型小麦籽粒灌浆进程研究

为了解黄淮麦区水、旱两大生态型小麦品种的灌浆特性,选用目前该麦区推广的12个水地品种和6个旱地品种为材料,用Logisitic方程对其籽粒灌浆进程进行拟合,分析灌浆参数的变异及其与粒重的关系.结果表明,黄淮麦区的水、旱两大生态类型小麦在灌浆参数方面有着很大的不同.水地品种的平均灌浆时间比旱地品种长2.2 d,不同阶段的灌浆时间也相对较长,但不同阶段的灌浆速率均小于旱地品种.旱地品种的千粒重比水地品种高出2.07 g,而两大类型品种粒重受灌浆速率的影响大于灌浆时间的影响.在灌浆参数中,R(平均灌浆速率)、R_3(缓增期灌浆速率)、R_(max)(最大灌浆速率) 、T_(max)(达到最大灌浆速率的时间)与水地品种粒重显著相关,而R、R_2(快增期灌浆速率)、T_2(快增期时间)与旱地品种粒重显著相关.因此,平均灌浆速率、缓增期籽粒灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率及其出现的时间可作为水地小麦高产育种的重要选择指标.旱地育种者在注重平均灌浆速率的同时增加快增期的灌浆速率和时间,可保证籽粒干物质迅速积累,从而躲过后期干旱、干热风等危害,保证小麦粒重稳定提高.

Research on Wheat Grain filling Process of Water and Dryland Ecological Types of Wheat in Huanghuai Area

In the current promotion of two eco-types of water and dry wheat varieties with Logisitic equation fitted the process of grain filling in Huanghuai wheat growing areas, the grain-filling coefficient and the relations of the variation of the parameters of the size of grain filling parameters were analysed. The results showed that: In Huanghuai area, the two eco-types of water and dry wheat varieties were quite different on grain-filling parameters, the average grain-filling duration of the water types was is 2.2 d longer than that of the dry land type, the grain-filling rate of the dryland type wheat at different stages is higher than that of the water type, the thousand-grain weight of the dry land type was 2.07 g higher than that of the water type. Two eco-types of wheat had different relationship between grain weight and the grain-filling parameters. For varieties of water type the contribution of grain-filling parameters to the grain weight were in the order of R>R_1>R_2> R_)(max)>R_3>T_(max), and dry land type as R_3> R_2>R_1. Average grain-filling rate and Rmax) could be used in duration of grain-filling could be used in selection of dryland types of wheat.