京九铁路麻城段防护林景观格局与生态价值

应用景观生态学原理和森林环境价值计量方法,对京九铁路麻城段防护林景观格局与生态价值进行了研究。结果表明:京九铁路麻城段通过防护林示范区建设,防护林景观中经济林和农林间作斑块面积扩大,灌木林面积减小,但防护林斑块布局不均,林种结构仍不合理,森林覆盖率还有待提高。经济林斑块每年单位面积的生态价值最高,达191.45元·m-2·a-1,其次是农林间作斑块(186.78元·m-2·a-1)。阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林每年单位面积的生态价值也在170元·m-2·a-1以上,灌木林斑块每年单位面积的生态价值最低。京九铁路麻城段防护林示范区所有防护林斑块的总生态价值达4.9亿元/a。由于阔叶经济林木良好的叶片功能和较高的叶面积指数,选择适宜的地段并采用水土保持措施,营造覆盖率较高的阔叶经济林及农林间作斑块,是提高铁路防护林生态价值的有效途径之一。

Landscape Spatial Pattern and Ecological Value of Shelterforests in Macheng District of Jingjiu Railway

An experiment was conducted to study the landscape spatial pattern and ecological value of shelterforests in Macheng district of Jingjiu railway by landscape ecological theory and quantitative valuation method of forest environmental value. Results showed that, due to the construction of shelterforest demonstration zone, the patch area of economic forests and tree-crop intercropping expanded, and the patch area of shrubbery decreased. The distribution of patches was not even and the species structure was unreasonable, and forest coverage should be raised. The annual ecological value per square meter of economic forest patches was the highest and reached 191.45 yuan, while that of tree-crop intercropping patches was 186.78 yuan. The annual ecological value per square meter of patches for broadleaved forests, coniferous forests and mixed coniferous-decidious forests all exceeded 170 yuan, while that for shrubbery patches was the minimum. The total ecological value of all shelterforest patches in Macheng district of Jingjiu railway reached 0.49 billion yuan each year. It should be an effective way to raise the ecological value of railway shelterforests by building high coverage patches of broadleaved economic forests and tree-crop intercropping on the right place after taking the measures of soil and water conservation, due to the well leaf function and the higher leaf area index of the patches.