浑善达克沙地荒漠化原因探析--以正蓝旗为例

应用数理统计方法对正蓝旗一些重要的气候因子(气温、降水量、相对湿度、日照百分率、潜在蒸散、潜在蒸散率、辐射干燥度)及经济因子(总人口、牧区人口、农区人口、城镇人口、中小学在校生占总人口比例、山羊头数、绵羊头数、大型家畜头数、农区耕地面积、牧区耕地面积、经济作物种植面积、可灌溉耕地面积、粮食作物单产、经济作物单产)在近40年中的变化做了深入分析，发现正蓝旗的人口和牲畜数量呈持续增长的趋势，并达到了显著水平。过度放牧及人口的急剧增加是导致正蓝旗乃至浑善达克地区荒漠化加剧的主要原因，温室效应造成的全球增温也是重要的诱因之一。据此提出：应加大农业投入、发展复合式农业，提高土地生产力；改变当地饲养牲畜方式、推广舍饲；实行农牧互补，以阻止浑善达克地区荒漠化的进一步加剧。

Study on the Desertification of Otindag Sandy Land A Case in Point of the Zhenglan Banner

Otindag sandy land expands and degrades rapidly in recent years. Many scientists and researchers are taking great efforts to seek the reason. In this article we analyzed the natural and social factors of Zhenglan banner, which lies in the center of Otindag to investigate the real reason. We analyzed the climatic factor(the mean temperature, the mean amount of precipitation, the mean humidity, the percent of the sunlight, potential evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration rate (PER), and radiative dryness (RDI) and economic factor (the total population of Zhenglan Banner, the population of the grazing area of Zhenglan Banner, the population of the agriculture area, the population of the town, percentage of pupils and middle school students in the total population, the number of goats, the number of sheep, the total number of sheep and goats, the number of big domestic animals, the area of cultivated land in agricultural zone, the area of cultivated land in grazing zone, the area of economic crops, the irrigated area of cultivated land, yield of cereal crops per unit, and the yield of economic crops per unit) of the past forty years with statistical method. The results showed that the population of local people and the livestock increased constantly and reached the significant level. It indicated that overgrazing and dramatic increase of the population were the main reasons that caused the steady increment of desertification in Zhenglan banner and Otindag. Meanwhile, the global warming caused by the greenhouse effect was also an important inducement. The author proposed increasing the agriculture investment to enhance the productivity of the land; changing the way of feeding livestock and generalize shed breeding; making the agriculture complement the pasture to combat the desertification of Otindag according to the situation.