栽培措施对乐都紫皮蒜干物质积累与转运的影响

【目的】探讨栽培措施对大蒜干物质积累分配与转运特性的影响。【方法】以青海乐都紫皮蒜为材料，采用栽培方式（覆膜和不覆膜）和播期（春播和秋播）两因素随机区组排列试验设计，研究萌芽期至成熟期大蒜植株鳞茎、假茎、叶片、蒜薹等器官的干物质积累及转运特性。【结果】各处理栽培措施下，全生育期大蒜植株单株总干物质积累量呈先下降后上升的变化趋势，而鳞茎部位干物质积累量自退母后开始上升，单株总干物质及鳞茎干物质积累量均至成熟采收期达最大；秋播覆膜栽培措施下总干物质及鳞茎干物质的最终积累量均最大；春播栽培地上部干物质积累量总体高于秋播栽培。秋播栽培措施下鳞茎干物质的最终分配比例高于春播栽培，但其假茎、叶中干物质的分配比例在生育后期低于春播栽培。在不同栽培措施下，蒜薹中的干物质输出均最多，其移动率相同但转运率表现为秋播栽培低于春播栽培。不覆膜栽培措施下，根中干物质的转运率及移动率均高于覆膜栽培。【结论】不同栽培措施对大蒜全生育期各器官干物质的积累量及分配比例的总体变化趋势没有明显影响，但其具体数值因处理组合不同而有所变化；秋播覆膜栽培措施下大蒜鳞茎干物质积累能力强，具有较充足的“源”，有利于大蒜高产。

Effect of cultivation patterns on dry matter accumulation and transportation of garlic

【Objective】 The study was constructed in order to explore the effect of different cultivation patterns on dry matter accumulation,distribution and transportation characteristics of garlic.【Method】 The study was made on the dry matter of garlic consisting of bulbs,stems,leaves,garlic sprouts and other organs in different cultivation patterns during infancy to maturty by using Ledu garlic.The research was designed at two factors randomized by cultivation mode(plastic-mulched and no plastic-mulched)and sowing period(spring and autumn).【Result】 The result showed that total dry matter accumulation of different cultivation patterns followed the trend:first decreased and then increased,in the whole stages of garlic growing,reaching peak in harvest time,and bulb part dry matter accumulation of different cultivation patterns began to rise in flower bud and clove differentiation period;At the same time,the total dry matter accumulation and bulb dry matter accumulation of autumn sowing and plastic-mulched were the maximum,higher than others.And the maximum accumulation of spring sowing was far below autumn sowing.The bulb was the main organ partitioning of dry matter distribution.Dry matter of allocation proportion was transferred to the bulb with plant growing center.Seeing from the whole stages,bulb dry matter distribution proportion of spring sowing was lower than autumn sowing,but stems,leaves dry distribution ratio of spring sowing was higher than autumn sowing.Dry matter transportation rate of garlic sprout was the most,its MR similar in different cultivations,but TR of autumn sowing was lower than spring sowing.With different cultivation measures,dry matter transportation rate of the root is higher than plastic-mulched.【Conclusion】 The effect of different cultivation patterns on dry matter accumulation and its proportion had no significant change during the overall growth period,but its numerical value changed with different treatments,the garlic bulb dry matter accumulation ability of autumn sowing and plastic-mulched was stronger than others,having a plenty of "source",helpful for garlic high yield.