高寒地区垂穗披碱草优异种质资源筛选

【目的】为高寒地区高产、优质垂穗披碱草育种的亲本选配和综合品种选育提供基础材料。【方法】选择了11份来自青藏高原的野生垂穗披碱草种质材料，通过大田试验，对其干草产量和粗蛋白质（crude protein，CP）、可溶性糖（water soluble carbohydrate，WSC）、中性洗涤纤维（neutral detergent fiber，NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（acid detergent fiber，ADF）4个饲用品质性状进行分析和评价。【结果】①11个垂穗披碱草居群干草产量和营养品质性状均存在一定变异，干草产量性状变异最大，为52.13%；中性洗涤纤维性状变异最小，为3.97%；②单个性状间比较，高产居群P8，产量为2 971.66 kg•hm-2；高蛋白居群P1，粗蛋白质含量为22.61%，且中性和酸性洗涤纤维也最低，分别为59.75%和36.26%；高糖居群P3、P4、P5、P6和P7，可溶性糖含量分别为5.18%、4.46%、5.53%、5.79%和6.15%。【结论】从单个性状考虑，P8可作为高产亲本材料，P1和P9可分别作为高氮和低纤维亲本材料，P3、P4、P5、P6和P7可作为高糖亲本材料，用于下一步的常规杂交育种；综合产量和各营养品质性状，P1为中产高氮及低纤维材料，P2为高产中氮材料，P8、P9、P10为高产中糖材料，P3、P4为中产高糖材料；以上均可作为高产优质材料，经选择育种，较快形成新品种。

Selection of Excellent Germplasm Resources of Elymus nutans in Alpine Region

【Objective】 This study aimed to provide basic materials for parents matching and synthetic variety breeding of E. nutans with high yield and good quality in alpine region. 【Method】 Through field experiments, hay yield traits, crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of 11 E. nutans populations from Qinghai-tibet plateau were investigated and appraised. 【Result】 The variations of eleven E. nutans populations were great in hay yield characters and nutritive qualities, the coefficient of variation of hay yield is the largest, which is 52.13%, while the variation coefficient of NDF is the smallest, which is 3.97%. A single character comparison between different populations showed that P8 had high hay yield, being 2971.66 kg•hm-2, while the highest CP was 22.61% for P1, which also has the lowest NDF and ADF, being 59.75% and 36.26%, respectively; P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 had high sugar content, being 5.18%, 4.46%, 5.53%, 5.79% and 6.15%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Based on the single character, P8 can be used as the parent material of high yield, P1 and P9 can be used as the parent materials of high nitrogen and low fiber, respectively, while P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 can be used as the parent materials of high sugar, the mentioned materials all can participate in the conventional hybrid breeding. Based on yield and nutrient quality characters, P1 is of middle yield, high nitrogen and low fiber material, P2 is of high yield and middle nitrogen materials, P8, P9 and P10 are of high yield and middle sugar materials, while P3 and P4 is of middle yield and high sugar materials. The above mentioned materials as high yield and good quality materials under selective breeding can be used to develop new varieties rapidly.