小麦育种方向的创新与实践

针对20世纪80年代中期川、渝麦区育种方向及审定品种与生产实践需要之间的矛盾,从生产发展、市场经济和人民需要出发,分析了当时审定小麦品种较多而推广应用较少的现象,总结了小穗小粒红皮种推广速度慢、农民不愿种植、大穗大粒白皮种推广速度快的原因。提出了"选育商品型高产优质抗病大穗大粒耐穗发芽白皮小麦新品种"的育种新方向。经过20多年的努力,培育出了‘绵阳25’、‘绵阳26’、‘绵阳27’、‘绵阳28’、‘绵阳31号’、‘西科麦1号’、‘西科麦6号’等白皮小麦新品种,这些品种成为了四川省小麦第6次大更换的当家品种,为四川省和中国的小麦育种、小麦生产及国家的粮食安全作出了巨大贡献。以上品种的推广种植,表明白皮小麦品种在产量、品质、抗病性等方面不亚于红皮小麦品种,而在商品价值、推广速度方面明显优于红皮种。由此认为,突破传统红皮小麦品种容易选育审定的束缚,将市场经济、人们需求、社会发展紧密结合,选育商品型高产、优质、抗病、大穗大粒耐穗发芽小麦新品种将是西南麦区小麦育种的新方向。

Innovation and Practice on Breeding Direction of Wheat

For the mid-1980s, Sichuan, Chongqing and breeding wheat area and production of varieties of the direction and approval contradiction between the need to practice. From the development of production, market economy and the people need, analyzes the wheat was more validation and promote the use of fewer phenomenon, summed up the red species of small grain spikelet promote slow, farmers do not want to grow, big ear white species of large grain promotion of speed reasons. Proposed a ＂ commodity-based high-quality disease-resistant breeding big ear big grain harvest sprouting resistance of new varieties of white wheat ＂ breeding a new direction. After 20 years of efforts, and encouraged the ‘ Mianyang25 ’ , ‘ Mianyang26 ’ , ‘ Mianyang27 ’ , ‘ Mianyang28 ’ , ‘ Mianyang31 ’ , ‘ Xikemai1 ’ , ‘ Xikemai6 ’ number of other white wheat varieties, these varieties of wheat in Sichuan Province has become the sixth largest replacement headed varieties. Of Sichuan Province and China＇s wheat breeding, wheat production and food security in the country made a great contribution. Promote the cultivation of varieties of the above, that white wheat varieties in yield, quality, disease resistance and other aspects as much as red wheat, and in the value of commodities, promotion speed is superior to red species. As a result, I believe, is easy to break through the traditional red wheat breeding validation constraints, the market economy, people＇s needs, social development closely, breeding high-yielding commodity-based, high-quality, disease resistance, large panicle large grain wheat harvest sprouting resistance varieties of wheat breeding is Xinan Mai District, a new direction.