华南双季水稻机械种植方式的物质生产和积累特性

为了探明华南双季水稻机械种植方式的物质生产和积累特性,为水稻生产机械种植的推广提供理论依据。大田试验采用单因素随机区组排列,设置了5种种植方式:人工移栽(P1)为对照,机插秧(P2)、宽窄行精量穴直播(P3)、宽行窄株精量穴直播(P4)和同步开沟起垄施肥精量穴直播(P5)4种机械种植方式。结果表明:早晚稻P5产量均最高(7.33、7.03t/hm2),抽穗后,早晚稻P5的物质积累量均是最高(16.57、13.92t/hm2),各机械种植方式早晚季物质积累量较对照(P1)物质积累量有增有减,但无显著差异;成熟期早晚稻的叶面积指数和光合势均以P5的最高,分别为5.32、4.74和122.07×104(m2·d)/hm2、163.63×104(m2·d)/hm2;早稻P5群体生长率最高37.30g/(m2·d)],晚稻P2群体生长率最高14.92g/(m2·d)];各机械种植方式的叶面积指数、光合势以及群体生长率较对照(P1)有增有减,极少部分达到了显著水平。械种植方式具有一定的增产稳产优势,归因于物质生产和积累方面指标的综合优势,以P5效果最显著。

Characteristics of Matter Production and Accumulation under Mechanical Planting Methods of South China Double-cropping Rice

The object of this study was to explore the characteristics of dry matter accumulation of different mechanical planting methods in south China double-cropping rice region, to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of mechanical planting methods in rice production. The field experiment was conducted by using manual transplanting （P1） as control, and 4 mechanical planting methods （mechanical transplanting （P2）, wide and narrow row precision hill-direct-seeding （P3）, wide line and narrow plant precision hill-direct-seeding （P4）, precision hill-direct-seeding together deep mechanized applying fertilizers （P5））. Results showed that： yields of early and late rice of P5 were the highest, reached 7.33 t/hm 2 and 7.03 t/hm 2 , respectively. After heading, early and late rice matter accumulation of P5 were the highest and reach 16.57 t/hm 2 , 13.92 t/hm 2 respectively, the mechanical planting methods matter accumulation showed no significant with P1; leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of P5 were the highest and reach 5.32, 4.74 and 122.07×10 4 （m 2 ·d）/hm 2 , 163.63×10 4 （m 2 ·d）/hm 2 respectively, the highest growth rate of early rice was P5 reach 37.30 g/（m 2 ·d）, and that of late rice was P2 reach 14.92 g/（m 2 ·d）, compare with P1, very small part of leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and growth rate of mechanical planting methods showed significant level. According to the research results, the mechanical planting methods showed certain yield advantages, due to the indicators of matter production and accumulation, and P5 showed the most significant effect.