北疆干旱荒漠地区春小麦与苜蓿灌溉制度研究

新疆北部阿勒泰草原的农牧业生产主要是在荒漠瘠薄的戈壁地上开发和发展起来的，作物灌溉制度的确定，对于北疆地区水资源合理开发利用、农田灌溉管理以及自然植被生态恢复等工作有着重要的现实意义。通过对联合国“2817项目”春小麦和苜蓿灌溉试验数据进行分析比较，初步得到达到该地区小麦和苜蓿高产的灌溉制度。结果表明，春小麦应采用“量少次多”的灌溉制度，灌溉定额为433 mm，灌水次数为10次，其中最优灌水定额抽穗前60 mm，其他生育阶段灌水定额为30~45 mm；苜蓿打3茬灌溉定额为849 mm，灌水次数为15次，第1茬的第1水灌水定额在60 mm，第2、3茬的第1水灌水定额为67 mm，其他水灌水定额在40~60 mm。研究显示，春小麦达到高产的处理是土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%；苜蓿达到高产的最优方案是幼苗期、蔓枝延长期和开花成熟期的土壤含水量为田间持水量的65%、45%和45%。

Research of Irrigation Scheduling of Spring Wheat and Alfalfa in Arid Desert Region of Northern Xinjiang

The yielding of Altay prairie was mainly developed on barren desert land , determination of irrigation scheduling has important practical significance on the rational exploitation of water resources, irrigation management, ecological restoration of natural vegetation and other work. This article analyzed and compared test data based on the irrigation experiment of United Nation’s ‘ 2817 Project ’, got spring wheat and alfalfa irrigation scheduling in the high yield initially. The results showed that, spring wheat should adopt a ‘ less quantity and more times ’ irrigation scheduling, and irrigation scheduling was 433 mm and irrigation frequency was 10. Optimal irrigation quota of spring wheat before heading was 60 mm, and other reproductive stage irrigation quota was 30-45 mm. Irrigation scheduling of alfalfa mowing three times was 849 mm and irrigation frequency was 15 times. The first irrigation quota of three stubbles was 60 mm, 67 mm and 67 mm, and other irrigation quota were 40-60 mm. Studies have shown that, spring wheat achieved high yield when the soil moisture content was 70% of field water capacity, and the optimal solution of alfalfa yield was that the soil moisture content of seedling, branch extension and flowering maturity stage was 65%, 45% and 45% of field water capacity.