西方新教传教士与晚清山东赈灾述论

西方新教传教士自1860年来山东传教后，面对近代山东灾荒频发的局面，在基督教博爱精神与普世主义指引下，积极投身于山东灾荒救济。特别是在“丁戊奇荒”与1889年山东灾荒期间，李提摩太、倪维思、狄考文等众多传教士相互合作，不辞辛劳，到处募集捐款，分头赈灾，发放赈银救助了大量灾民，并提出了许多预防灾荒的建议。尽管传教士赈灾存在传播上帝福音，吸引灾民入教的目的，也有救助地域的局限，但他们的这些活动对拯救濒于死亡边缘的灾民、促进中国赈灾机制近代化转型与中国早期现代化，仍有值得肯定之处。

Western Missionaries and Shandong Disaster Relief in the Late Qing Dynasty

Western missionaries had entered into Shandong since 1860.Facing the frequent famine happened in modern Shandong,they took an active part in Shandong's famine relief work especially in the Dingwu Disaster and the 1889's Shandong Famine inspired by the Christian spirit of fraternity and universalism.Missionaries such as Timothy Richard,L.Nevius,C.W.Matter and others cooperated with each other,spared no effort to go everywhere,raising donations for disaster relief work separately.They paid a great deal of rel...